Broadcast signal transmitting apparatus, broadcasting data using FEC and methods thereof

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are a broadcast signal transmitting apparatus, a broadcast signal receiving apparatus, and a broadcast signal transceiving method in the broadcast signal transmitting and receiving apparatuses. The broadcast signal transmitting method comprises the steps of: compressing headers of data packets which are included in an Internet protocol (IP) stream identified by access information, wherein the compressed data packets include a first packet containing both static information and dynamic information in the header thereof, and a second packet containing dynamic information in the header thereof; splitting the static information from the header of the first packet and diverting the remaining part thereof into the second packet; outputting an IP stream, which includes the second packet, via a data physical layer pipe (PLP); outputting, via a common PLP, a common stream, which includes the static information of the header of the first packet split in the previous step, compression information and IP-PLP mapping information for linking the IP stream and the data PLP; generating a signal frame on the basis of the data from the data PLP and the data of the common PLP; and transmitting a broadcast signal which includes the signal frame.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 13/989,317filed May. 23, 2013, which claims the benefit of 35 USC §371 NationalStage entry of International Application No. PCT/KR2011/008951 filedNov. 23, 2011, and claims priority of U.S. provisional Application Nos.61/416,296 filed Nov. 23, 2010; 61/417,466 filed Nov. 29, 2010 and61/420,334 filed Dec. , 2010, which are hereby incorporated by referencein its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a broadcast signal transmittingapparatus for transmitting a broadcast signal, a broadcast receivingapparatus for receiving a broadcast signal, and a method of transmittingand receiving a broadcast signal and, most particularly, to an apparatusand method for transmitting and receiving a mobile broadcast signal.

BACKGROUND ART

As the time has neared to end (or terminate) the transmission of analogbroadcast signals, diverse technologies for transmitting and receivingdigital broadcast signals are being researched and developed. Herein, adigital broadcast signal may include high capacity video/audio data ascompared to an analog broadcast signal, and, in addition to thevideo/audio data, the digital broadcast signal may also include diverseadditional data.

More specifically, a digital broadcasting system for digitalbroadcasting may provide HD (High Definition) level images,multiple-channel sound (or audio), and a wide range of additionalservices. However, a data transmission efficiency for transmitting highcapacity data, a robustness of transmitting and receiving network, andflexibility in a network considering mobile receiving equipments arestill required to be enhanced.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Objects

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide abroadcast signal transmitting apparatus and a broadcast receivingapparatus that can transmit and receive additional broadcast signals, amethod for transmitting and receiving additional broadcast signals, byusing an RF signal of a conventional broadcasting system without havingto ensure any additional frequency.

Another object is to provide a broadcast signal transmitting apparatusand a broadcast receiving apparatus that can transmit and receive mobilebroadcast signals, a method for transmitting and receiving mobilebroadcast signals, by using an RF signal of a conventional broadcastingsystem without having to ensure any additional frequency.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a broadcastingsignal transmitting apparatus, a broadcasting signal receivingapparatus, and a method for transmitting/receiving a broadcasting signalusing the same that can distinguish data corresponding to a service foreach component, and transmit the corresponding data to each componentthrough separate PLPs, so that the transmitted data can be received andprocessed.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a broadcastingsignal transmitting apparatus, a broadcasting signal receivingapparatus, and a method for transmitting/receiving a broadcasting signalusing the same that can signal signaling information required forservicing a broadcasting signal.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a broadcastingsignal transmitting apparatus, a broadcasting signal receivingapparatus, and a method for transmitting/receiving a broadcasting signalusing the same that can signal signaling information, so that abroadcasting signal can be received in accordance with a receivercharacteristic.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatusfor transmitting a broadcast signal, an apparatus for receiving abroadcast signal, and a method for transmitting and receiving abroadcast signal that can reduce an overhead of a data packet bycompressing a header of the data packet, when performing an IP-basedtransmission of a broadcasting signal, and transmitting the compressedheader, and by having a receiver release the compression (or performdecompression).

Technical Solutions

In order to achieve the above-described technical object of the presentinvention, a broadcast signal transmitting method according to anembodiment of the present invention includes compressing headers of datapackets being included in an IP (Internet Protocol) stream, the IPstream being identified by access information, wherein the compresseddata packets include a first packet including static information anddynamic information in its header, and a second packet including dynamicinformation in its header; separating static information from the headerof the first packet and converting remaining portion to the secondpacket; outputting an IP stream including the second packet through adata PLP (physical layer pipe); outputting a common stream through acommon PLP, the common stream including the static information separatedfrom the header of the first packet, compression information of theheader of the first packet, and IP-PLP mapping information for linkingthe IP stream with the data PLP; generating a signal frame based upondata of the data PLP and data of the common PLP; and transmitting abroadcast signal including the signal frame.

Herein, the static information is removed from the header of the firstpacket and header identification information of the first packet ischanged to header identification information of the second packetthereby converting to the second packet.

The static information and the compression information of the header ofthe first packet and the IP-PLP mapping information are signaled to L2signaling information in a binary format and the L2 signalinginformation is included in the common PLP.

A broadcast signal transmitting method according to an embodiment of thepresent invention includes an RoHC encoding unit compressing headers ofdata packets being included in an IP (Internet Protocol) stream, the IPstream being identified by access information, wherein the compresseddata packets include a first packet including static information anddynamic information in its header, and a second packet including dynamicinformation in its header; a transmission replacing unit separatingstatic information from the header of the first packet, convertingremaining portion to the second packet, and outputting an IP streamincluding the second packet through a data PLP (physical layer pipe); amultiplexer outputting a common stream through a common PLP, the commonstream including the static information separated from header of thefirst packet by the transmission replacing unit, compression informationof the header of the first packet, and IP-PLP mapping information forlinking the IP stream with the data PLP; and a transmitter generating asignal frame based upon data of the data PLP and data of the common PLPand transmitting a broadcast signal including the generated signalframe.

Effects of the Invention

According to the present invention, a transmitter may performtransmission by generating a PLP for each component configuring aservice, and a receiver may identify and decode the PLP, which isreceived for each component. Thus, the present invention may respond tothe mobile broadcast communication environment with more flexibility.

The transmitter of the present invention may distinguish one componentas a component of a base layer and as a component of at least oneenhancement layer, and may transmit the distinguished component. And,the receiver may decode only the component of the base layer so as toprovide an image with basic picture quality, or the receiver may decodethe component of the base layer along with the component of at least oneenhancement layer so as to provide an image with higher picture quality.Thus, the present invention may provide images having diverse picturequalities in accordance with the receiver characteristic.

By compressing a header of the data packet, when performing an IP-basedtransmission of a broadcasting signal, and transmitting the compressedheader, and by having the receiver recover the compressed header, thepresent invention may reduce the overhead of an IP-based data packet.Thus, IP-based broadcasting may be efficiently supported in a mobileenvironment.

Most particularly, by transmitting at least a portion of the headerinformation of a compressed data packet through a common PLP, thepresent invention is advantageous not only in that overhead of data PLPcan be reduced, but also in that the receiver is capable of receivingand decoding the compressed data packet regardless of the time point atwhich a broadcast signal is received. According to an embodiment of thepresent invention, by matching the sync of (or by synchronizing)information transmitted to the common PLP and information transmitted todata PLP using a sequence number, the initial (or original) signal maybe exactly recovered. According to another embodiment of the presentinvention, among the header information of an Initialization and Refresh(hereinafter referred to as IR) packet, by transmitting non-variable(non-changing) static information out-of-band via L2 signaling, separatecompression rate may be additionally gained, thereby demonstrating amore efficient IP stream transmission effect.

By using a MIMO system, the present invention may increase datatransmission efficiency and may enhance robustness in broadcastingsignal transmission/reception.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the present invention mayprovide a method and apparatus for transmitting/receiving a broadcastingsignal that can receive a digital broadcasting signal without any erroreven in a mobile receiving equipment or an indoor environment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary super frame structure according to thepresent invention,

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary structure of a signal frame according toan embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 3 illustrates a PLP-based signal frame structure according to anembodiment of the present invention,

(a) of FIG. 4 illustrates a P1 symbol structure according to the presentinvention,

(b) of FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram showing an exemplary structureof a P1 symbol generator according to the present invention,

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary structure of a P1 symbol and anexemplary structure of an AP1 symbol according to an embodiment of thepresent invention,

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram showing a broadcasting signaltransmitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart showing a method of transmitting aTS-based broadcast signal according to an embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart showing a method of transmitting aIP-based broadcast signal according to an embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram showing an input pre-processoraccording to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram showing an input pre-processoraccording to another embodiment of the present invention,

(a), (b) and (c) of FIG. 11 illustrate another example of configuring aPLP in component units in an input pre-processor according to thepresent invention,

FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram showing an input processor accordingto an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram showing a mode adaptation module ofan input processor according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram showing a stream adaptation moduleof an input processor according to an embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram showing a BICM encoder according toan embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 16 illustrates a block diagram showing a BICM encoder according toanother embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 17 illustrates a block diagram showing a frame builder according toanother embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 18 illustrates a block diagram showing an OFDM generator accordingto another embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram showing a broadcast signal receivingapparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 20 illustrates a block diagram showing an OFDM demodulatoraccording to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 21 illustrates a block diagram showing a P1 symbol detectoraccording to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 22 illustrates a block diagram showing an AP1 symbol detectoraccording to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 23 illustrates a block diagram showing a frame demapper accordingto an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 24 illustrates a block diagram showing a BICM decoder according toan embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 25 illustrates a block diagram showing a BICM decoder according toanother embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 26 illustrates a block diagram showing an output processoraccording to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 27 illustrates a block diagram showing an output processoraccording to another embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 28 illustrates a block diagram showing a broadcasting signalreceiving apparatus according to another embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIG. 29 illustrates a block diagram showing a broadcasting signalreceiving apparatus according to another embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIG. 30 illustrates a block diagram showing the process of thebroadcasting signal receiver for receiving a PLP best fitting itspurpose according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 31 illustrates a MIMO transmission system and a broadcast signaltransmitting method using an SVC according to an embodiment of thepresent invention,

FIG. 32 illustrates a MIMO transmission system and a broadcast signaltransmitting method using an SVC according to other embodiment of thepresent invention,

FIG. 33 illustrates a MIMO transmission system and a broadcast signaltransmitting method using an SVC according to another embodiment of thepresent invention,

(a) to (c) of FIG. 34 illustrate a signal frame for transmitting data ofa base layer and an enhancement layer according to embodiments of thepresent invention,

FIG. 35 illustrates an exemplary syntax structure of P1 signalinginformation according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 36 illustrates an exemplary syntax structure of AP1 signalinginformation according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 37 illustrates an exemplary syntax structure of L1-pre signalinginformation according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 38 illustrates an exemplary syntax structure of configurableL1-post signaling information according to an embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIG. 39 illustrates an exemplary syntax structure of dynamic L1-postsignaling information according to an embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIG. 40 illustrates an IP header configuring of a header of a datapacket according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 41 illustrates a UDP header configuring of a header of a datapacket according to an embodiment of the present invention,

(a) and (b) of FIG. 42 illustrate a RoHC compression method according toan embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 43 illustrates an example of IP-PLP mapping information andcompression information being signaled to an IP information tableaccording to the present invention,

FIG. 44 illustrates an example of IP-PLP mapping information andcompression information being signaled to a service association sectionaccording to the present invention,

FIG. 45 illustrates another example of IP-PLP mapping information andcompression information being signaled to an IP information tableaccording to the present invention,

FIG. 46 illustrates a block diagram showing a structure of a portion ofan input-pre-processor including a header compressing unit, which isused for compressing data packets, according to an embodiment of thepresent invention,

FIG. 47 illustrates a block diagram showing a broadcast signal receivingapparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention,

(a) to (c) of FIG. 48 illustrate an example of transmitting headerinformation of an IR packet and header information of an IR-DYN packetthrough a common PLP according to the present invention,

(a) to (f) of FIG. 49 illustrate an example of a header of an SO packetor an FO packet generated based on a header of an IR packet and a headerof an IR-DYN packet having a sequence number according to the presentinvention,

(a) to (c) of FIG. 50 illustrate an example of restoring an IR packetand an IR-DYN packet based on a sequence number from a data PLP and acommon PLP in a broadcast signal receiving apparatus according to thepresent invention,

FIG. 51 illustrates a block diagram showing a broadcast signaltransmitting apparatus and a broadcast signal receiving apparatusaccording to another embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 52 illustrates a flow chart showing a method for compressing andtransmitting a data packet header based upon the broadcast signaltransmitting apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention,

FIG. 53 illustrates a flow chart showing a method of performing headerdecompression on a data packet based upon the broadcast signal receivingapparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 54 illustrates IP-PLP mapping information and compressioninformation being signaled to a service association section according toyet another embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 55 (a) to FIG. 55 (c) illustrate examples of transmitting headerinformation of the IR packet and header information of the IR-DYN packetto a common PLP,

FIG. 56 (a) to FIG. 56 (c) show examples of a process of having thebroadcast signal receiving apparatus recovering an IR packet and anIR-DYN packet from a data PLP and a common PLP based upon a sequencenumber,

FIG. 57 illustrates IP-PLP mapping information and compressioninformation being signaled to a service association section according toyet another embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 58 (a) to FIG. 58 (c) illustrate examples of transmitting staticinformation, among header information of an IR packet to a common PLP,

FIG. 59 (a) and FIG. 59 (b) show examples of the IR packet and theIR-DYN packet being inter-changed (or inter-shifted) in a broadcasttransmitting/receiving apparatus according to the present invention,

FIG. 60 (a) to FIG. 60 (c) illustrate an example of restoring an IRpacket from a data PLP and a common PLP in the broadcast receivingapparatus according to the present invention,

FIG. 61 illustrates a block diagram showing a structure of a broadcastsignal transmitting apparatus and a broadcast signal receiving apparatusaccording to yet another embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 62 illustrates a flow chart showing a method for compressing andtransmitting a data packet header according to another embodiment of thepresent invention,

FIG. 63 illustrates a flow chart showing a method of performingdecompression on a data packet according to an embodiment of the presentinvention, and

FIG. 64 illustrates a syntax structure of a service association sectionincluding static information according to an detailed embodiment of thepresent invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PRESENT INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of thepresent invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be usedthroughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. And, thescope and spirit of the present invention will not be limited only tothe exemplary embodiments presented herein.

Although the terms used in the present invention are selected fromgenerally known and used terms, the detailed meanings of which aredescribed in relevant parts of the description herein. It should benoted that the terms used herein may vary depending upon the intentionsor general practice of anyone skilled in the art and also depending uponthe advent of a novel technology. Some of the terms mentioned in thedescription of the present invention have been selected by the applicantat his or her discretion, terms used herein. Furthermore, it is requiredthat the present invention is understood, not simply by the actual termsused but by the meaning of each term lying within.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method fortransmitting and receiving an additional broadcast signal, while sharingan RF frequency band with related art broadcasting system, such as aconventional terrestrial broadcast system (or also referred to as a T2system), e.g., DVB-T2. In the present invention, the additionalbroadcast signal may correspond to an extension (or enhanced) broadcastsignal and/or a mobile broadcast signal.

In the description of the present invention, an additional broadcastsignal refers to as signal that is processed and transmitted inaccordance with a non-MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) method or a MIMOmethod. Herein, a MISO (Multi Input Single Output) method, a SISO(Single Input Single Output) method, and so on, may correspond to thenon-MIMO method.

Hereinafter, 2 antennae may be given as an example of the multi antennaeof the MISO method or the MIMO for simplicity of the description of thepresent invention. And, such description of the present invention may beapplied to all types of systems using 2 or more antennae.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary super frame structure including anadditional broadcast signal (e.g., mobile broadcast signal) according tothe present invention. A super frame may be configured of a plurality ofsignal frames, and the signal frames belonging to one super frame may betransmitted by using the same transmission method. The super frameaccording to the embodiment of the present invention may be configuredof multiple T2 frames (also referred to as a terrestrial broadcastframe) and additional non-T2 frames for the additional broadcast signal.Herein, a non-T2 frame may include an FEF (Future Extension Frame) partbeing provided by the related art T2 system. The FEF part may not becontiguous and may be inserted in-between the T2 frames. The additionalbroadcast signal may be included in the T2 frame or FEF part, so as tobe transmitted.

When a mobile broadcast signal is transmitted through FET part, the FEFpart will be referred to as an NGH (Next Generation Handheld) frame.

At this point, 1 NGH frame may be transmitted for each N number of T2frames (i.e., NGH-T2 frame ratio=1/N or N:1), and the T2 frame and theNGH frame may be alternately transmitted (i.e., NGH-T2 frame ratio=1/2or 1:1). If the NGH-T2 frame ratio is equal to 1/N, the time consumed bythe receiver in order to receive an NGH frame after receiving a previousNGH frame is equivalent to the time corresponding to N number of T2frames.

Meanwhile, among the components configuring a broadcast service, thepresent invention may divide a video component to multiple videocomponents and may transmit the divided video components. For example, avideo component may be divided into a basic video component and anextension video component, and may then be transmitted accordingly.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in order to enhancetransmission stability, the basic video component may be transmitted ina non-MIMO method, and the extension video component may be transmittedin an MIMO method in order to provide an enhanced throughput.

In the present invention, the basic video component will hereinafter bereferred to as a video component of a base layer, and the extensionvideo component will hereinafter be referred to as a video component ofan enhancement layer. Additionally, for simplicity of the description,in the present invention, the video component of the base layer will beused in combination with video data of the base layer (or data of thebase layer), and the video component of the enhancement layer will beused in combination with video data of the enhancement layer (or data ofthe enhancement layer).

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the presentinvention may encode video data by using an SVC (Scalable Video Coding)method, thereby dividing the encoded video data into video data of thebase layer (or base layer video data) and video data of the enhancementlayer (or enhancement layer video data). Herein, the SVC method ismerely exemplary. And, therefore, other arbitrary video coding methodshaving scalability may also be used herein.

The data of the base layer (or the base layer data) correspond to datafor images having basic picture quality. Herein, although the base layerdata are robust against the communication environment, the base layerdata have low picture quality. And, the data of the enhancement layer(or the enhancement layer data) correspond to additional data for imagesof higher picture quality and may, therefore, provide images having highpicture quality. However, the enhancement layer data are weak againstthe communication environment.

In the present invention, video data for terrestrial broadcasting may bedivided into base layer data and enhancement layer data, and video datafor mobile broadcasting may be divided into base layer data andenhancement layer data in order to flexibly respond to the mobilebroadcasting communication environment.

The receiver may decode only video layer of the base data (or base layervideo data), so as to provide an image having basic picture quality, orthe receiver may decode both the base layer video data and the videolayer of the enhancement data (or enhancement layer video data), so asto provide an image having a higher picture quality.

According to an embodiment of the present invention the enhancementlayer video data may be transmitted through an FEF, and the base layerdata may be transmitted through the T2 frame and/or FEF.

In the present invention, an audio component may include an audiocomponent of a base layer (or base layer audio component) for providingbasic sound quality, such as 2 channel or 2.1 channel, and an audiocomponent of an enhancement layer (or enhancement layer audio component)for providing additional sound quality, such as 5.1 channel orMPEG-Surround.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a signal frame mayrefer to any one of a T2 frame, an FEF transmitting a mobilebroadcasting signal (i.e., NGH frame), a T2 frame transmitting baselayer video data, and an FEF transmitting enhancement layer video data.In the description of the present invention, the signal frame and thetransmission frame will be used to have the same meaning.

In the present invention, a PLP (physical layer pipe) corresponding toan identifiable data (or stream) unit. Also, the PLP may be consideredas a physical layer TDM (Time Division Multiplex) channel, whichtransmits (or delivers) one or more services. More specifically, eachservice may be transmitted and received through multiple RF channels.Herein, the PLP may represent a path through which such service is beingtransmitted or may represent a stream being transmitted through suchpath. The PLP may also be located in slots being distributed to multipleRF channels at predetermined time intervals, and the PLP may also bedistributed in a single RF channel at predetermined time intervals.Therefore, signal frame may transmit a PLP, which is distributed to asingle RF channel based upon a time reference. In other words, one PLPmay be distributed to a single RF channel or multiple RF channels basedupon a time reference.

In the present invention, one service may be transmitted to one PLP, andcomponents configuring a service may be divided (or differentiated), sothat each of the differentiated components can be transmitted to adifferent PLP. If service components configuring a single service aredifferentiated from one another so as to be respectively transmitted toa different PLP, the receiver may gather (or collect) the multiplecomponents, so as to combine the collected components to a singleservice. In the present invention, the service component and thecomponent will be used to have the same meaning.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary structure of a signal frame over aphysical layer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Thesignal frame includes a P1 signaling information region (or part orarea), an L1 signaling information region, and a PLP region. Morespecifically, the P1 signaling information region may be allocated to aforemost portion of the corresponding signal frame, and, then, the L1signaling information region and the PLP region may be sequentiallyallocated after the P1 signaling information region. In the descriptionof the present invention, only the information being included in the L1signaling information region may be referred to as L1 signalinginformation, or signaling information being included in the P1 signalinginformation region and signaling information being included in the L1signaling information region may be collectively referred to as the L1signaling information.

As shown in FIG. 2, P1 signaling information that is being transmittedto the P1 signaling information region may be used for detecting asignal frame (or NGH broadcast signal) and may include tuninginformation and information for identifying preamble itself.

Based upon the P1 signaling information, the subsequent L1 signalinginformation region is decoded, so as to acquire information on the PLPstructure and the signal frame configuration. More specifically, the L1signaling information includes L1-pre-signaling information andL1-post-signaling information. Herein, the L1-pre-signaling informationincludes information required by the receiver to receive and decodeL1-post-signaling information. And, the L1 -post-signaling informationincludes parameters required by the receiver for accessing the PLP. TheL1-post-signaling information may then include ConfigurableL1-post-signaling information, Dynamic L1-post-signaling information,Extension L1-post-signaling information, and CRC information, and theL1-post-signaling information may further include L1 padding data. Inthe present invention, configurable L1-post signaling information hasthe same meaning as the L1-post configurable signaling information.Moreover, dynamic L1-post signaling information has the same meaning asthe L1-post dynamic signaling information

Meanwhile, in the signal frame, the PLP region is configured of at leastone common PLP and at least one data PLP.

A common PLP includes PSI/SI (Program and System Information/SignalingInformation).

Specifically, when a broadcast signal is a TS format, the common PLP mayinclude network information, such as an NIT (Network Information Table),or PLP information, and service information, such as an SDT (ServiceDescription Table), an EIT (Event Information Table) and a PMT (ProgramMap Table)/a PAT (Program Association Table). Based upon the intentionsof the system designer, service information, such as SDT and PMT/PAT,may be included in data PLP and may then be transmitted. The PATcorresponds to special information being transmitted by a packet havinga PID of ‘0’, and the PAT includes PID information of the PMT and PIDinformation of the NIT. The PMT includes a program identificationnumber, PID information of a TS packet to which individual bit streams,such as video, audio, and so on, are being transmitted, wherein theindividual bit streams configure a program or (service), and PIDinformation through which a PCR is being delivered. The NIT includesinformation of an actual transmission network (i.e., physical network).The EIT includes information on an event (or program or service) (e.g.,title, start time, and so on). The SDT includes information describing aservice, such as a service name or service provider.

When a broadcasting signal corresponds to an IP format, the common PLPmay include an IP information table, such as n INT (IP/MAC notificationtable). In the description of the present invention information beingincluded in the common PLP may be referred to as L2 signalinginformation. In addition, the common PLP may further include startinformation such as bootstrap and meta data for service guide such asESG or SD&S.

More specifically, L1 signaling information includes informationrequired by the broadcasting signal receiver for processing a PLP withina signal frame, and the L2 signaling information includes informationthat can be commonly applied to multiple PLPs. Accordingly, thebroadcasting signal receiver may use P1 signaling information includedin a P1 signaling information region, so as to decode an L1 signalinginformation region, thereby acquiring information on the structure ofPLP included in the signal frame and information a frame structure. Mostparticularly, the broadcasting signal receiver may be capable of knowingthrough which PLP each of the service components being included in thecorresponding service is being transmitted by referring to the L1signaling information and/or the L2 signaling information. Additionally,the BICM encoder (or referred to as a BICM module) of the broadcastingsignal transmitter may encode signaling information associated with abroadcast service and may transmit L1/L2 signaling information, so thatthe broadcasting signal receiver can perform decoding. Moreover, theMICM decoder of the broadcasting signal receiver may decode the L1/L2signaling information.

At this point, when the L1 signaling information includes information onthe service components, the broadcasting signal receiver may recognizethe information on the service components at the same time thebroadcasting signal receiver receives the signal frame, and thebroadcasting signal receiver may then apply the correspondinginformation. However, since the size of the L1 signaling information islimited, the size (or amount) of the information on the servicecomponents that can be transmitted from the broadcasting signaltransmitter may also be limited. Accordingly, the L1 signalinginformation region is most adequate for recognizing the information onthe service components at the same time the broadcasting signal receiverreceives the signal frame and for transmitting information that can beapplied to the broadcasting signal receiver.

If the L2 signaling information includes information on the servicecomponents, the broadcasting signal receiver may acquire information onthe service components after the decoding of the L2 signalinginformation is completed. Therefore, the broadcasting signal receivermay not be capable of recognizing the information on the servicecomponents at the same time the broadcasting signal receiver receivesthe signal frame and may not be capable of modifying the correspondinginformation. However, since the size of the region transmitting the L2signaling information is larger than the L1 signaling informationregion, the L2 signaling information region may transmit a larger amount(or size) of service component data. Accordingly, the L2 signalinginformation is adequate for transmitting general information on servicecomponents.

According to an embodiment of the present invention the L1 signalinginformation may be used along with the L2 signaling information. Morespecifically, the L1 signaling information may include information thatcan be modified (or changed) at the same time the broadcasting signalreceiver receives the signal frame in a PLP level, such as a high mobileperformance and a high-speed data communication characteristic, or mayinclude information of service components that can be modified (orchanged) at any time during the broadcasting signal transmission.Additionally, the L2 signaling information may include information onthe service components and general information on channel reception,which are included in a service.

Meanwhile, if the broadcast signal corresponds to a TS format, a dataPLP, which is included in the signal frame, may include audio, video,and data TS streams. Furthermore, the TS-based data PLP may includePSI/SI information such as a PAT (Program Association Table) and a PMT(Program Map Table). If the broadcasting signal corresponds to an IPformat, the data PLP may include audio, video, and data IP streams. Atthis point, IP packets, which configure each of the IP streams, may bepacketized by using an RTP (Real Time Protocol) or FLUTE (File Deliveryover Unidirectional Transport). Additionally, IP-based data PLP mayinclude control information, which is packetized by using an RTSP (RealTime Streaming Protocol) method. In the present invention, a data PLPincluding PAT/PMT or a data PLP including control information may alsobe referred to a base PLP (or referred to as an anchor PLP or an SIPLP). The data PLP may include a Type1 data PLP, which is transmitted byone sub-slice for each signal frame, and a Type2 data PLP, which istransmitted by multiple sub-slices. In the description of the presentinvention, for simplicity of the description, P number of data PLPs willhereinafter be indicated as PLP1˜PLPp. More specifically, audio, video,and data TS streams and PSI/SI information (or control information),such as PAT/PMT, are transmitted through PLP1˜PLPp. The data PLPs ofFIG. 2 correspond to examples after scheduling and interleaving.

In the present invention the common PLP may be decoded along with a dataPLP, and the data PLP may be selectively (or optionally) decoded. Morespecifically, a common PLP+data PLP may always be decoded. However, insome cases data PLP1+data PLP2 may not be decoded. Information beingincluded in the common PLP may include the PSI/SI information.Additionally, Auxiliary Data may be added to the signal frame. Moreover,CRC data may be added to the signal frame.

FIG. 3 illustrates a signal frame structure at a symbol level accordingto an embodiment of the present invention.

In light of the symbol level, the signal frame according to the presentinvention is divided into a preamble region and a data region. Thepreamble region is configured of a P1 symbol and at least one or more P2symbols, and the data region is configured of a plurality of datasymbols.

Herein, the P1 symbol transmits P1 signaling information. The at leastone or more P2 symbols transmit L1-pre-signaling information,L1-post-signaling information, and signaling information being includedin the common PLP (i.e., L2 signaling information). The signalinginformation being included in the common PLP may be transmitted througha data symbol. Therefore, in light of the signal frame over a physicallayer, the preamble region includes a P1 signaling information region,an L1 signaling information region, and a portion or an entire portionof the common PLP region. In the description of the present invention aPLP transmitting PSI/SI and, more particularly, PAT/PMT will hereinafterbe referred to a base PLP (or anchor PLP or SI PLP).

Data PLPs being transmitted through multiple data symbols may include aType1 data PLP being transmitted, which is transmitted by one sub-slicefor each signal frame, and a Type2 data PLP, which is transmitted bymultiple sub-slices. According to an embodiment of the presentinvention, when both the Type 1 data PLP and the Type2 data PLP exist ina signal frame, the Type1 data PLP is first allocated, and the Type2data PLP is allocated afterwards.

The Type1 data PLP refers to having one sub-slice within a signal frame,i.e., one PLP being continuously transmitted within a signal frame. Forexample, when it is assumed that 2 type1 data PLPs (PLP1, PLP2) arebeing transmitted, when all of the data of PLP1 are first allocated tothe corresponding signal frame, then all of the data of PLP2 areallocated afterwards, and, thereafter, the data are transmitted.

The Type2 data PLP refers to a PLP having two or more sub-slices withinthe signal frame. More specifically, the data of each PLP are dividedinto as many sections as the number of sub-slices. And, then, thedivided data are distributed and transmitted to each sub-slice. Forexample, when it is assumed that 2 Type2 data PLP (PLP3, PLP4) exist ina single signal frame, and when it is assumed that each Type2 data PLPhas 2 sub-slices, the data of PLP3 and the data of PLP4 are each dividedinto 2 equal sections, and the divided data are sequentially allocatedto the 2 sub-slices of the corresponding PLP. At this point, accordingto the embodiment of the present invention, the sub-slice for PLP3 andthe sub-slice for PLP4 are alternately positioned so as to betransmitted accordingly. In order to gain higher time diversity, thepresent invention uses the Type2 data PLP.

In the description of the present invention, one data PLP may correspondto one service, and one data PLP may also correspond to at least one ofthe service components configuring a service, such as a video component(or also referred to as a base layer video component), an extensionvideo component (or also referred to as an enhancement layer videocomponent), and audio component, and a data component other than thevideo and audio components. That is, single data PLP may transmit aservice or transmit one or more service components of a plurality ofservice components composing the service.

Meanwhile, the present invention may transmit separate signalinginformation from the transmitter, so that the receiver can identifyadditional broadcast signal frame, such as an NGH frame, and process theidentified frame. The present invention transmits separate signalinginformation through a P1 symbol. And, herein, the P1 symbol will bereferred to as a new_system_P1 symbol.

The new_system_P1 symbol may be different from the P1 symbol, and aplurality of new_system_P1 symbols may be used herein. At this point,according to the embodiment of the present invention, the new_system_P1symbol is located at the beginning of the signal frame, i.e., located ata front portion of a first P2 symbol within a preamble region. In thiscase, the preamble region may be configured of at least one or morenew_system_P1 symbols and at least one or more P2 symbols.

(a) of FIG. 4 illustrates a P1 symbol structure according to the presentinvention. In (a) of FIG. 4, the P1 symbol and P2 symbol portion will bereferred to as a preamble region, and a body region will be referred toas a data region. The data region may be configured of a plurality ofdata symbols (also referred to as data OFDM symbols).

In (a) of FIG. 4, P1 symbol is generated by having each of a frontportion and an end portion of an effective (or valid) symbol copied, byhaving a frequency shift performed as much as +f_(sh), and by having thefrequency-shifted copies respectively positioned at a front portion (C)and an end portion (B) of the effective symbol (A). In the presentinvention, the C portion will be referred to as a prefix, and the Bportion will be referred to as a postfix. More specifically, P1 symbolis configured of a prefix portion, an effective symbol portion, and apostfix portion. In the description of the present invention, such P1symbol structure will also be referred to as a C-A-B structure. At thispoint, according to the present invention, the P1 symbol corresponds to1K OFDM symbol. And, according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, the A portion (T_(P1A)) may have the length of 112 us, the Cportion (T_(P1C)) may have the length of 59 us, and the B portion(T_(P1B)) may have the length of 53 us.

(b) of FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram showing an exemplary structureof a P1 symbol generator according to the present invention. Herein, (b)of FIG. 4 includes a CDS (Carrier Distribution Sequence) table module(000100), an MSS (Modulation Signaling Sequence) module (000200), aDBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying) mapping module (000300),a scrambling module (000400), a padding module (000500), an IFFT module(000600), and a C-A-B structure module (000700). After being processedwith the operations of each block included in the P1 symbol generatorshown in (b) of FIG. 4, the P1 symbols shown in (a) of FIG. 4 is finallyoutputted from the C-A-B structure module (000700).

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the structure ofthe P1 symbol, shown in (a) of FIG. 4, may be modified, or the P1 symbolgenerator, shown in (b) of FIG. 4 may be modified, so as to generate anew_system_P1 symbol.

If the new_system_P1 symbol is generated by modifying the P1 symbolshown in (a) of FIG. 4, the new_system_P1 symbol may be generated byusing at least one of the following methods. For example, thenew_system_P1 symbol may be generated by modifying a frequency shift (ordisplacement) value (f_(SH)) for a prefix and a postfix. In anotherexample, the new_system_P1 symbol may be generated by modifying (orchanging) the length of the P1 symbol (e.g., T_(P1C) and T_(P1B)lengths). In yet another example, the new_system_P1 symbol may begenerated by replacing the length of the P1 symbol from 1K to 512, 256,128, and so on. In this case, the parameters (e.g., f_(SH), T_(P1C),T_(P1B)) that are used in the P1 symbol structure should be adequatelycorrected.

If the new_system_P1 symbol is generated by modifying the P1 symbolgenerator shown in (b) of FIG. 4, the new_system_P1 symbol may begenerated by using at least one of the following methods. For example,the new_system_P1 symbol may be generated by using a method of changingthe distribution of active carriers (e.g., a method of having the CDStable module (000100) use another CSS (Complementary Set of Sequence)),which are used for the P1 symbol, through the CDS table module (000100),the MSS module (000200), and the C-A-B structure module (000700). Inanother example, the new_system_P1 symbol may be generated by using amethod of changing a pattern for transmitting information to the P1symbol (e.g., a method of having the MSS module (000200) use anotherCSS), and so on.

Meanwhile, the present invention may additionally allocate a preamblesymbol to the preamble region within a signal frame, particularly an NGHframe. Hereinafter, the additional preamble signal will be referred toas an AP1 symbol (Additional Preamble symbol) for simplicity in thedescription of the present invention. In order to enhance the detectionperformance for detecting a mobile broadcast (i.e., NGH) signal, in aconsiderably low SNR condition or a time-selective fading condition, atleast one or more AP1 symbol is added to the signal frame.

At this point, according to the embodiment of the present invention, theAP1 symbol is located between a P1 symbol and a first P2 symbol withinthe preamble region of a signal frame. More specifically, the P1 symboland the AP1 symbol are consecutively transmitted. According to theembodiment of the present invention, if the P2 symbol is not transmittedto the signal frame, the AP1 symbol may be located between the P1 symboland the first data symbol within the preamble region of the signalframe. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the P1symbol and the AP1 symbol may be allocated to non-consecutive positionswithin a single signal frame, so as to be transmitted.

For example, when a signal frame includes an AP1 symbol, the preambleregion of the signal frame is configured of a P1 symbol, at least one ormore AP1 symbols, and at least one or more P2 symbols. And, the dataregion may be configured of a plurality of data symbols (or data OFDMsymbols).

As described in the embodiments for generating the new_system_P1 symbol,according to the embodiment of the present invention, the AP1 symbol maybe generated by modifying the structure of the P1 symbol, shown in (a)of FIG. 4, or by modifying the P1 symbol generator, shown in (b) of FIG.4. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the AP1 symbolmay be generated by modifying both the structure of the P1 symbol, shownin (a) of FIG. 4, and the P1 symbol generator, shown in (b) of FIG. 4.

As described in the embodiment of the present invention, when at least 2or more preamble symbols are used, the present invention is advantageousin that the present invention can be more robust against a burst fadingeffect, which may occur in a mobile fading environment, and that asignal detection performance can be enhanced.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary structure of a P1 symbol and anexemplary structure of an AP1 symbol according to an embodiment of thepresent invention. FIG. 5 shows an example of generating an AP1 symbolby modifying the P1 symbol.

In FIG. 5, P1 symbol, which is shown on the left side, is generated byhaving each of a front portion and an end portion of an effective (orvalid) symbol copied, by having a frequency shift performed as much as+f_(sh), and by having the frequency-shifted copies respectivelypositioned at a front portion (C) and an end portion (B) of theeffective symbol (A). In the present invention, the C portion will bereferred to as a prefix, and the B portion will be referred to as apostfix. More specifically, P1 symbol is configured of a prefix portion,an effective symbol portion, and a postfix portion.

In FIG. 5, AP1 symbol, which is shown on the right side, is generated byhaving each of a front portion and an end portion of an effective (orvalid) symbol copied, by having a frequency shift performed as much as−f_(sh), and by having the frequency-shifted copies respectivelypositioned at a front portion (F) and an end portion (E) of theeffective symbol (D). In the present invention, the F portion will bereferred to as a prefix, and the E portion will be referred to as apostfix. More specifically, AP1 symbol is configured of a prefixportion, an effective symbol portion, and a postfix portion.

Herein, the two frequency-shift values +f_(sh), −f_(sh), which are usedin the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol, may have the same absolute valueyet be given opposite signs. More specifically, the frequency-shift isperformed in opposite directions. And, the lengths C and F, which arecopied to the front portion of the effective symbol, may be set to havedifferent values. And, the lengths B and E, which are copied to the endportion of the effective symbol, may be set to have different values.Alternatively, the lengths C and F may be set to have different values,and the lengths B and E may be set to have the same value, or viceversa. According to another embodiment of the present invention, aneffective symbol length of the P1 symbol and an effective symbol lengthof the AP1 symbol may be differently determined. And, according to yetanother embodiment of the present invention, a CSS (Complementary SetSequence) may be used for tone selection and data scrambling within theAP1 may be scrambled by AP1.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the lengths of Cand F, which are copied to the front portion of the effective (or valid)symbol, may be set to have different values, and the lengths of B and E,which are copied to the end portion of the effective (or valid) symbol,may also be set to have different values.

The C,B,F,E lengths according to the present invention may be obtainedby using Equation 1 shown below.Length of C(T _(C))={Length of A(T _(A))/2+30}Length of B(T _(B))={Length of A(T _(A))/2−30}Length of E(T _(F))={Length of D(T _(D))/2+15}Length of E(T _(E))={Length of D(T _(D))/2−15}  Equation 1

As shown in Equation 1, P1 symbol and AP1 symbol have the same frequencyshift value. However, each of the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol are givenopposite signs. Additionally, in order to determine the lengths of C andB, the present invention determines an offset value being added to orsubtracted from a value corresponding to the length of A (T_(A))/2. And,in order to determine the lengths of F and E, the present inventiondetermines an offset value being added to or subtracted from a valuecorresponding to the length of D (T_(D))/2. Herein, each of the offsetvalues is set up differently. According to the embodiment of the presentinvention, the offset value of P1 symbol is set to 30, and the offsetvalue of AP1 symbol is set to 15. However, the values given in theabove-described examples are merely exemplary. And, therefore, it willbe apparent that the corresponding values may easily be varied orchanged by anyone skilled in the art. Thus, the present invention willnot be limited only to the values presented herein.

According to the present invention, by generating AP1 symbol and an AP1symbol to configure the structure shown in FIG. 5, and by inserting thegenerated symbols to each signal frame, the P1 symbol does not degradethe detection performance of the AP1 symbol, and, conversely, the AP1symbol does not degrade the detection performance of the P1 symbol.Additionally, the detection performance of the P1 symbol is almostidentical to the detection performance of the AP1 symbol. Furthermore,by configuring the symbols so that the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol havesimilar symbol structures, the complexity level of the receiver may bereduced.

At this point, the P1 symbol and the AP1 symbol may be transmittedconsecutively, or each of the symbols may be allocated to differentpositions within the signal frame and may then be transmitted. And, incase the P1 symbol and AP1 symbol are each allocated to a differentposition within the signal frame, so as to be transmitted, a high timediversity effect may be gained with respect to the preamble symbol.According to the embodiment of the present invention, the P1 symbol andthe AP1 symbol are consecutively transmitted.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram showing a broadcasting signaltransmitting apparatus (or also referred to as a broadcasting signaltransmitter or a transmitter) according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

As shown in FIG. 6, the broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus mayinclude an input pre-processor (100000), an input processor (100100), aBICM encoder (100200), a frame builder (100300), and an OFDM generator(100400). Herein, the BICM encoder (100200) is also referred to as aBICM module.

The input stream may include at least one of a TS stream, an internetprotocol (IP) stream, and a GSE (General Stream Encapsulation) stream(or also referred to as a GS stream).

The input pre-processor (100000) may receive at least one the TS stream,the IP stream, and the GS stream, so as to generate at least one or morePLPs in service units (or service component units) in order to providerobustness.

The input processor (100100) generates a BB frame including at least oneor more of the PLPs generated from the input pre-processor (100000). Incase the input processor (100100) receives a PLP corresponding to aservice, the input processor (100100) may categorize the received PLP asPLPs corresponding to the service components and may, then, generate theBB frame.

The BICM encoder (100200) adds redundancy to the output of the inputprocessor (100100), so that any error occurring over the transmissionchannel can be corrected, and then the BICM encoder (100200) performsinterleaving.

The frame builder (100300) maps the plurality of PLPs to thetransmission frame is cell units, so as to complete the transmissionframe (or signal frame) structure.

The OFDM generator (100400) performs OFDM modulation on the input data,so as to generate a baseband signal that can be transmitted to theantenna.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart of a method for receiving a TS in a TSpacket unit, sorting (or categorizing) the received TS with respect toeach component, and transmitting the sorted (or categorized) TS incomponent PLP units.

In order to do so, PSI/SI data such as PAT/PMT may be generated, and aPID is added to each table (S100501). At this point, the PID of a PAT isgiven a fixed value, and the PID of a PMT is signaled to the PAT. ThePID of each component, i.e., video, audio, data ES, and so on, issignaled to the PMT. The process step S100501 may be performed in theinput pre-processor (100000) or may be performed in another block (notshown) and then delivered to the input pre-processor (100000).

The input pre-processor (100000) uses the PID of each component, whichis acquired from the PSI/SI, so as to filter the TS packet and to sort(or categorize) the TS packets in accordance with the media type (i.e.,on a component basis) (S100502). In the TS being sorted by a componentbasis, a position, which was previously occupied by another component,is filled by a null packet. For example, in the video TS, a null packetis inserted in a packet position other than the position of an actualvideo TS packet. The TSs of each component (i.e., the PLP of eachcomponent) having the null packet inserted therein are inputted to theinput processor (100100).

The input processor (100100) deletes the null packet other than thevalid packets within each TS being outputted from the inputpre-processor (100000), and inserts information on the number of deletednull packets (DNPs) with respect to the deleted positions (S100503).Additionally, a synchronization (sync) byte is inserted in front of eachDNP byte, so as to allow the receiving end to perform synchronization.Subsequently, the input processor (100100) slices each TS into apredetermined number of bit units, so as to map the sliced bit units toa BB frame payload, and, then, the input processor (100100) inserts a BBheader to the BB frame payload, so as to generate a BB frame (S100504).

Moreover, the input processor (100100) performs scheduling in order tomap multiple PLPs to the transmission frame, and then the inputprocessor (100100) performs scrambling on the data (i.e., bit stream)within the BB frame (S100505).

The BICM encoder (100200) adds redundancy to the output of the inputprocessor (100100), so that any error occurring within the transmissionchannel can be corrected, and then, the BICM encoder (100200) performsinterleaving (S100506).

The frame builder (100300) maps the multiple PLPs being outputted fromthe BICM encoder (100200) to the transmission frame in cell units inaccordance with the scheduling information, thereby completing thetransmission frame (NGH frame) structure (S100507). The OFDM generator(100400) performs OFDM modulation on the data within the transmissionframe, thereby transmitting the OFDM-modulated data to the antenna(S100508).

FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart of a method for receiving an IP streamin an IP packet unit, sorting (or categorizing) the received IP streamwith respect to each component, and transmitting the sorted (orcategorized) IP stream in component PLP units.

In order to do so, IP packets including IP service information arecreated (or generated) (S100601). The IP service information may includean NIT, which signals network information, and may include an INT, whichincludes a listed IP address. The IP service information may correspondto a binary type, and FLUTE encoding or RTP encoding may be omitted. TheIP service information is transmitted to a common PLP.

After creating (or generating) bootstrap information for initiation,meta data for service guide, and data for data services (S100602), thecreated information and data are encoded by using a FLUTE session,thereby being outputted in an IP packet format (S100603). Thereafter,the audio/video (A/V) components are sorted (or differentiated) basedupon the RTP media type (S100604), then each of the differentiated (orsorted) components is encoded by using a FLUTE session or an RTPsession, thereby being outputted in an IP packet format (S100605).

The process steps S100601˜S100605 may be performed by the inputpre-processor (100000), or may be performed in another block (not shown)and then delivered to the input pre-processor (100000).

The input processor (100100) may create PLPs by directly using IPpackets that are FLUTE encoded or RTP encoded, or by directly using IPpackets bypassing the FLUTE encoding or RTP encoding processes(S100606). More specifically, by omitting the GSE encapsulating process,the overhead may be reduced.

Subsequently, the input processor (100100) slices each IP stream into apredetermined number of bit units, so as to map the sliced bit units toa BB frame payload, and, then, the input processor (100100) inserts a BBheader to the BB frame payload, so as to generate a BB frame (S100607).

Moreover, the input processor (100100) performs scheduling in order tomap multiple PLPs to the transmission frame, and then the inputprocessor (100100) performs scrambling on the data (i.e., bit stream)within the BB frame (S100505).

The BICM encoder (100200) adds redundancy to the output of the inputprocessor (100100), so that any error occurring within the transmissionchannel can be corrected, and then, the BICM encoder (100200) performsinterleaving (S100609).

The frame builder (100300) maps the multiple PLPs being outputted fromthe BICM encoder (100200) to the transmission frame in cell units inaccordance with the scheduling information, thereby completing thetransmission frame (NGH frame) structure (S100610). The OFDM generator(100400) performs OFDM modulation on the data within the transmissionframe, thereby transmitting the OFDM-modulated data to the antenna(S100611).

Hereinafter, each block included in the broadcast signal transmittingapparatus of FIG. 6 will hereinafter be described in detail.

As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention,the input pre-processor (100000) may categorize the data correspondingto the service to each component, and, then, the input pre-processor(100000) may perform data processing, so that the data corresponding toeach component can be transmitted to a separate PLP.

The broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus according to the presentinvention may be transmitted to one or more services in PLP units.However, the components being included in one service may be separatedand transmitted in PLP units. In this case, the broadcasting signalreceiving apparatus may identify and process the PLPs including eachcomponent, so as to be capable of providing a single service. In orderto do so, the input pre-processor (100000) according to the presentinvention processes data in component units.

In the following description of the present invention, an example ofgenerating a PLP by receiving a stream having a TS format and an exampleof generating a PLP by receiving a stream having an IP format will beseparately described.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of the present invention showing astructure of the input pre-processor receiving a stream having a TSformat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The input pre-processor of FIG. 9 includes a PID filter (101010), aPSI/SI controller (101020), a PSI/SI decoder (101030), a PSI/SImodifying/generating module (101040), a PSI/SI merger (101050), aPAT/PMT merger (101070), component mergers (101090, 101110), and nullpacket inserting modules (101060, 101080, 101100, 101120).

The input pre-processor differentiates the TS packets included in the TSfor each component, and outputs each of the differentiated TS packets toa different PLP. Herein, each TS packet is configured of a header and apayload, and the header includes a Packet Identifier (PID) indicatingthe data to which the header data correspond. The payload may includeany one of a video Elementary Stream (ES), an audio ES, a data ES, and aPSI/SI ES, which are to be transmitted. Additionally, informationincluded in the common PLP may also be referred to as L2 signalinginformation or L2 information/data, and L1 signaling information mayalso be referred to as L1 information.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the videocomponent is divided into a base layer video component and anenhancement layer video component, the PID of a TS packet including thebase layer video component and the PID of a TS packet including theenhancement layer video component are different from one another.

More specifically, the PID filter (101010) filters the TS packetsincluded in the TS by using the PID and then outputs the filtered TSpackets through a corresponding PLP path. Since each TS packet isassigned with a PID, which can identify each TS packet, the PID filter(101010) may identify the TS packets corresponding to each component byusing the PID and may then output the identified TS packets through aseparate PLP path. However, since the PID information should be known inorder to perform filtering as described above, the PID filter (101010)first filters the PSI/SI, which is included in the TS packet. The PSI/SIdecoder (101030) decodes the PSI/SI information, which is filtered bythe PID filter (101010), so as to acquire PID information. For example,a PAT having the PID fixed to ‘0’ includes PID information of the PMTand PID information of the NIT, and the PMT includes PID information,such as video, audio, data ES, and so on, corresponding to eachcomponent.

Additionally, the PSI/SI controller (101020) may use the acquired PIDinformation so as to control the PID filter (101010), thereby filteringthe data corresponding to the wanted (or desired) component for each PIDand outputting the filtered data. Since the PSI/SI included in the TSare transmitted by using a predetermined PID, the filtering and dataprocessing procedures may be performed without setting up a separate PIDfilter (101010).

As described above, the PID filter (101010) filters the TS packet foreach component and outputs each of the filtered TS packets through itsrespective PLP path. For example, a TS corresponding to the videocomponent, a TS corresponding to the audio component, and a TScorresponding to the data component are each outputted to the respectivecomponent merger (101090, 101110). And, the component mergers (101090,101110) merge the inputted TS packets so as to configure each componentPLP. For example, the component merger (101090) may receive only the TSpackets corresponding to a base layer video component, or may receiveboth the TS packets corresponding to a base layer video component andthe TS packets corresponding to an enhancement layer video component.Then, the component merger (101090) may merge the received TS packets,so as to configure a single component PLP. Furthermore, TS packetsincluding the PAT/PMT being filtered by and outputted from the PIDfilter (101010) are outputted to the PAT/PMT merger (101070), so as tobe merged.

Thus, when configuring the PLP for each component as described above,even if the receiver scans a channel, the receiver may not be capable ofsearching all of the data corresponding to a single service. Morespecifically, unlike the method of configuring a PLP for each serviceand identifying the configured PLP by using the PSI/SI, since the PLP isconfigured for each component configuring a service in the presentinvention, a component PLP that does not include PSI/SI may exist.Accordingly, in the present invention, in order to locate component PLPsconfiguring a service, PSI/SI, such as a PAT/PMT is added to anarbitrary PLP among the component PLPs configuring the correspondingservice, and a component PLP having service configuration information,such as the above-mentioned PAT/PMT will hereinafter be referred to as abase PLP (or anchor PLP or SI PLP). When the receiver scans and decodesthe base PLP, since information on the remaining component PLPs forproviding a service may be known, the above-described problem may beresolved.

The PSI/SI modifying/generating module (101040) modifies or generatesPSI/SI that is to be modified or added, such as NIT, SDT, and so on, andthen outputs the modified or generated PSI/SI. For example, in theabove-described component PLP structure, since the base PLP includesinformation on the service configuration, such information on theservice configuration or information on the base PLP is required to besignaled. The input pre-processor may signal the information on the basePLP to at least any one of L1 signaling information and L2 signalinginformation (common PLP). When signaling the information on the base PLPto the L2 signaling information, the PSI/SI modifying/generating module(101040) may signal the information on the base PLP to an NIT/SDT_otheror a PAT/PMT. The information on the base PLP may include informationfor searching the base PLP, information required for extracting the basePLP and decoding the extracted base PLP, information on a PAT/PMTrespective to the service configuration included in the base PLP.Additionally, according to the embodiment of the present invention,information on components for a service having high picture quality/highsound quality, such as SVC, MPEG surround, and so on, is signaled to theL1 signaling information.

The SDT may be indicated as SDT_actual and SDT_other, and the EIT may beindicated as EIT_actual and EIT_other. Herein, the SDT_actual/EIT_actualmay each indicate that the service/event indicated by the respectiveinformation corresponds to service/event included in the current frameor TS, and the SDT_other/EIT_other may each indicate that theservice/event corresponds to service/event included in another frame orTS. In case the PSI/SI extracted from the TS includes a common PLP, thePSI/SI modifying/generating module (101040) may also modify theSDT_actual to an SDT_other or may modify the EIT_actual to an EIT_other.

The PSI/SI merger (101050) merges the signaling information beingoutputted from the PSI/SI modifying/generating module (101040) and thesignaling information being outputted from the PID filter (101010).

The null packet inserting modules (101060, 101080, 101100, 101120)respectively insert a null packet to a place (or positions) whereanother component has been located, so that each component can maintainsynchronization within the TS. Accordingly, a common PLP is outputtedfrom null packet inserting module (101060), and a base PLP is outputtedfrom null packet inserting module (101080). Additionally, thecorresponding component PLPs are outputted from null packet insertingmodules (101100, 101120). Herein, the respective component maycorrespond to a video component, an audio component, a data component,and so on.

As shown in FIG. 9, the input pre-processor, among the inputted TS data,may output data including the PSI/SI such as NIT/SDT/EIT through acommon PLP path, may output data corresponding to a component PLP, whichincludes service configuration information such as PAT/PMT, through abase PLP path, and may output data corresponding each of the othercomponents through a corresponding component PLP path, and the datacorresponding to each of the above-mentioned PLP path may also bereferred to as PLP data or PLP.

The input pre-processor may signal the information on the components,which are configured as described above, to the L1 signalinginformation, so that components can be extracted in PLP units inaccordance with the receiver type. In other words, when a service typeis selected in accordance with the receiver type, the receiver shallprocess the components corresponding to the selected service. In thepresent invention, since the PLP is configured for each component,information on such PLP structure should be included in the L1 signalinginformation, so that the receiver can extract and process the componentscorresponding to the service. Therefore, the input pre-processor mayperform control operations enabling information on the component PLPstructure to be signaled to the L1 signaling information.

Hereinafter, the input pre-processor processing data having an IP streamformat will hereinafter be described in detail.

In case of an IP stream, unlike the description presented above, thedata corresponding to the component may be divided in IP packet units.And, the PSI/SI included in the TS may correspond to serviceinformation, and the IP service information may include ESG (ElectronicService Guide; ESG) information, provider information, bootstrapinformation, and so on. The ESG information may include IP addressinformation, port number information, and so on of the service componentand it may be referred to as meta data. According to the embodiment ofthe present invention, the IP stream may be inputted/outputted in GSE(Generic Stream Encapsulation) stream units.

FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram showing the structure of an inputpre-processor receiving a stream having an IP format according to anembodiment of the present invention.

The input pre-processor (100000) of FIG. 10 includes a UDP/IP filter(106010), an IP service controller (106020), an IP service informationdecoder (106030), an IP service information modifying/generating module(106040), an IP stream merger (106050), GSE encapsulating modules(106060, 106080, 106100, 106120), component mergers (106070, 106090,106110), and a GSE decapsulating module (106130).

The input pre-processor (100000) of FIG. 10 receives a GSE stream or IPstream and differentiates the data included in the received stream foreach component, thereby outputting the differentiated data to adifferent PLP. At this point, a PLP including IP service information maybe referred to as a common PLP, and the common PLP may also be referredto as L2 signaling information or L2 information/data. The L1 signalinginformation may also be referred to as L1 information.

In the present invention, the GSE stream is inputted to the GSEdecapsulation module (106130), and the IP stream is inputted to theUDP/IP filter (106010). The GSE decapsulation module (106130) performsGSE decapsulation on the GSE stream, so as to extract an IP stream,thereby outputting the extracted IP stream to the UDP/IP filter(106010).

The UDP/IP filter (106010) may use a UDP port number and an IP address,and so on, so as to perform filtering on the IP packets, which areincluded in the IP stream, for each component, thereby outputting thefiltered IP packets. Since a UDP port number and an IP address areassigned (or allocated) to each of the IP packets for each component,which are included in the IP stream, the UDP/IP filter (106010) may usethe UDP port number and IP address so as to identify the IP packetcorresponding to each component, thereby outputting each of theidentified IP packets to a separate PLP path. Hereinafter, such UDP portnumber and IP address may also be collectively referred to as an addressor address information.

However, since a UDP port number and an IP address should be known inorder to perform such filtering process, the UDP/IP filter (106010)first filters the IP service information included in the IP stream.Then, the IP service information decoder (106030) decodes the IP serviceinformation, which is filtered by the UDP/IP filter (106010), so as toacquire address information. At this point, the address information maybe acquired from the ESG information among the IP service information.Additionally, the IP service controller (106020) may use the addressinformation, which is acquired from the IP service information decoder(106030), so as to control the UDP/IP filter (106010) and to filter theIP packet corresponding to a desired component for each address, therebyoutputting the filtered IP packet. Since the IP service information,which is included in the IP stream, is transmitted to a predeterminedaddress, an immediate filtering process may be performed without anyseparate settings of the UDP/IP filter (106010).

The UDP/IP filter (106010) first filters the IP packets included in theIP stream for each component and then outputs the filters IP packets toa respective component merger through each PLP path. For example, IPpackets corresponding to the video component are outputted to thecomponent merger (106070), IP packets corresponding to the audiocomponent are outputted to the component merger (106090), and IP packetscorresponding to the data component are outputted to the componentmerger (106110). The component mergers (106070, 106090, 106110) mergethe IP packets of the corresponding component. If the stream beinginputted to the input pre-processor corresponds to a stream having a GSEformat, the output of the component mergers (106070, 106090, 106110) isoutputted as a GSE stream, after being GSE encapsulated by each GSEencapsulating module. And, if the corresponding stream has an IP format,the GSE encapsulating process may be omitted.

When configuring the PLP for each component as described above, thereceiver may not be capable of searching all of the data correspondingto a single service, even when the channel is scanned. Morespecifically, unlike the method of configuring a PLP for each serviceand identifying the configured PLP as IP service information, since thePLP is configured for each component configuring a service, a componentPLP that does not include any IP service information may exist in thepresent invention. Therefore, in the present invention, serviceconfiguration information is added to the IP service information so thatthe component PLPs corresponding to a service can be located and found.

The IP service information modifying/generating module (106040) maymodify or generate IP service information that should be modified oradded, such as ESG information, service provider information, bootstrapinformation, and so on and may, then, output the modified or generatedIP service information. For example, service configuration informationconfiguring a PLP for each component may be signaled to the ESGinformation.

The IP stream merger (106050) merges IP service informationmodified/generated by the IP service information modifying/generatingmodule (106040) and IP service information, such as supplementalinformation, which does not require any modification, thereby outputtingthe merged IP service information to a common PLP path.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, since an IPaddress and a UDP port number are each assigned (or allocated) in IPpacket units to the IP stream, the null packet inserting modules shownin FIG. 9 may be omitted. At this point, unlike in the TS-basedbroadcasting, in the IP-based broadcasting, a PLP is directly configuredwithout performing null packet inserting or deleting processes. This isbecause a null packet is not required in the IP stream.

As shown in FIG. 10, the input pre-processor may receive an IP stream(or GSE stream) and may output data including IP service information toa common PLP path and may output data corresponding to each component toa component PLP path. Accordingly, as described above, the datacorresponding to each PLP path may also be referred to as PLP data orPLP.

The input pre-processor may signal information on the components, whichare configured as described above, to the L1 signaling information, sothat components can be extracted in PLP units in accordance with thereceiver type. More specifically, when a service type is selected inaccordance with the receiver, the receiver shall process the componentscorresponding to the selected service. In the present invention, since aPLP is configured for each component, the information on such PLPconfiguration is signaled to the L1 signaling information, therebyallowing the receiver to extract the components corresponding to theselected service and to process the extracted components. Accordingly,the input pre-processor may generate information on the PLPconfiguration, so as to perform control operations enabling thegenerated information to be included in the L1 signaling information.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of configuring a PLP in component unitsin an input pre-processor according to another embodiment of the presentinvention.

In FIG. 11, an IP stream (107010) being configured of IP packetsindicates an IP stream being inputted to the UDP/IP filter (106010) ofthe input pre-processor shown in FIG. 10. And, each IP packet includesone of audio component data, video component data, data component data,and IP service information component data.

The input pre-processor of FIG. 11 performs the above-describedpre-processing procedure on the IP packets included in the IP stream(107010), so as to differentiate the pre-processed IP packets for eachcomponent, thereby outputting each of the differentiated IP packetsthrough a different PLP path.

For example, in (b) of FIG. 11, IP packets including NIT, INT,bootstrap, ESG information are outputted through a common PLP path,thereby configuring a common IP (107020, IP_Common), and IP packetsincluding data of the video component are outputted through a videocomponent PLP path, thereby configuring a video component IP (107030,IP_Video). Additionally, the IP packets including data of the audiocomponent are outputted through an audio component PLP path, therebyconfiguring an audio component IP (107040, IP_Audio), and the IP packetsincluding data of the data component are outputted through a datacomponent PLP path, thereby configuring a data component IP (107050,IP_Data). In another example, IP packets including data of 2 or morecomponents may be outputted through a single PLP path, so as toconfigure a single IP. In yet another example, IP packets including dataof a specific component respective to multiple services may be outputtedthrough a single PLP path, so as to configure a single IP. At thispoint, unlike in the TS-based broadcasting, in the IP-basedbroadcasting, a PLP is directly configured without performing nullpacket inserting or deleting processes. This is because a null packet isnot required in the IP stream.

For simplicity in the description of the present invention, a common IPstream (107020) as shown in (c) of FIG. 11 may be referred to as acommon PLP (or PLP data), and a video component IP stream (107030) maybe referred to as a video component PLP (or PLP data). Additionally, anaudio component IP stream (107040) may be referred to as an audiocomponent PLP (or PLP data), and a data component IP stream (107050) maybe referred to as a data component PLP (or PLP data).

Based upon the characteristics of the IP streams, the IP streams of eachPLP path of FIG. 11 are not required to maintain the samesynchronization or order.

The output of the input pre-processor (100000) is outputted to the inputprocessor (100100).

In the description of the present invention, TS or IP or GSE streams maybe converted to n+1 number of streams that can be independentlyprocessed through the input pre-processor (100000) or the inputprocessor (100100). At this point, the stream that is to beindependently processed may correspond to a complete (or whole) TSstream including a plurality of service components, and may alsocorrespond to a TS stream of a minimum unit including only one servicecomponent (e.g., video or audio, and so on). Similarly, the stream thatis to be independently processed may correspond to a complete (or whole)GSE stream including a plurality of service components or a GSE streamincluding only one service component. Furthermore, the stream that is tobe independently processed may also correspond to a complete (or whole)IP stream including a plurality of service components or an IP streamincluding only one service component.

FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram showing an exemplary structure of aninput processor (100100) according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

Herein, FIG. 12 shows an exemplary embodiment of an input processor(100100), wherein the number of input streams is equal to 1. When thenumber of input streams is equal to 1, the input processor (100100) mayinclude an input interface module (110100), a CRC-8 encoder (110200), aBB header inserter (110400), a padding inserter (110400), and a BBscrambler (110500). In the description of FIG. 12, the input interfacemodule (110100), the CRC-8 encoder (110200), and the BB header inserter(110400) will be collectively referred to as a mode adaptation module,and the padding inserter (110400) and the BB scrambler (110500) will becollectively referred to as a stream adaptation module.

The input interface module (110100) maps an input stream in internallogical-bit format for performing FEC (BCH/LDPC) encoding in a BICMencoder (100200). More specifically, the interface module (110100)slices the input stream to bit units corresponding to a number of bitsrequired for generating a BB (Base Band or Broadband) frame, so as tomap into a BB frame payload. The CRC-8 encoder (110200) performs CRCencoding on the BB frame payload outputted from the interface module(110100), and the BB header inserter (110300) inserts a header having afixed size to a fore-end portion of the BB frame payload, which isprocessed with CRC encoding, to generate a BB frame.

In case a data size of the inputted bit stream is smaller than a BBframe designated to FEC, the padding inserter (110400) may insert apadding bit to the BB frame, in order to configure the BB frame. The BBscrambler (110500) may perform a bitwise XOR (Exclusive OR) operation ona bit stream of the BB frame by using a PRBS (Pseudo Random BinarySequence), so as to perform randomization. The operations of the BBscrambler (110500) may reduce PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) of anOFDM modulation signal transmitted finally.

FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram showing an exemplary structure of amode adaptation module of an input processor (100100) respective to amulti PLP input according to another embodiment of the presentinvention. More specifically, FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a modeadaptation module of the input processor (100100) processing a pluralityof PLPs when a type of input stream is a TS format.

The mode adaptation module may include n+1 number of input interfacemodules (111200-0˜n), n+1 number of input stream sync modules(111210-0˜n), n+1 number of delay compensators (111220-0˜n), n+1 numberof null packet deleters (111230-0˜n), n+1 number of CRC (CyclicRedundancy Check) encoders (111240-0˜n), and n+1 number of BB headerinserters (111250-0˜n) operating in parallel to perform mode adaptationon each PLP of the plurality of PLPs.

According to the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus of the presentinvention, by including signaling information that can be commonlyapplied to multiple PLPs, such as a transport layer signal of anMPEG-TS, in a single PLP, and by transmitting the processed PLP, thetransmission efficiency may be increased. As shown in FIG. 13, the PLP0performs such function, and, in the description of the presentinvention, such PLP is referred to as a common PLP. The remaining Pnumber of PLPs excluding the PLP-0, shown in FIG. 13, may be used forperforming data transmission. And, in the description of the presentinvention, such PLP is referred to as a data PLP. Herein, the examplegiven in FIG. 13 is merely exemplary, and, therefore, a plurality ofcommon PLPs, such as PLP0 of FIG. 13, may be used in the presentinvention.

The input interface modules (111200-0˜n) may slice the input stream ofthe corresponding PLP to a number of bits required for generating the BBframe (Base Band frame), so as to map into a BB frame payload.

The input stream sync modules (111210-0˜n) generate sync timinginformation required to recovery TS or GS streams in a receiver andinsert the sync timing information into a BB frame payload. Furthermore,when the receiver performs service recovery, the input stream syncmodules (11210-0˜n) may generate sync timing information based upon alldelays that may occur in the respective channels and transmissionprocessed, so that the corresponding service can be recovered to theinitial timing. Herein, the sync timing information may correspond to anISCR (Input Stream Clock Reference) information. Moreover, the inputstream sync modules (111210-0˜n) synchronize in the receiver by adding async byte.

When multiple PLPs exist, the delay compensators (111220-0˜n) maycompensate the delay difference between each PLP, so that the frame canbe efficiently configured. More specifically, based upon the sync timinginformation inserted by the input stream sync modules (111210-0˜n), thedelay compensators (111220-0˜n) may delay data on PLPs of group units soas to synchronize the PLPs.

In case of a VBR (variable bit rate) service, the null packet deleters(111230-0˜n) may delete the inserted null packets, so as to increase thetransmission efficiency. At this point, a number of deleted null packets(DNPs) may be inserted in the deleted positions, so as to betransmitted.

The CRC encoders (111240-0˜n) performs CRC encoding on the correspondingframe, in order to enhance the transmission reliability of the BB framepayload, thereby adding CRC data.

The BB header inserters (111250-0˜n) inserts a header having a fixedsize on a fore-end portion of the corresponding BB frame payload, sothat the format of the data field can be identified. Herein, the headermay include diverse information, such as Mode Adaptation Typeinformation indicating whether the stream type the of correspondingstream corresponds to a TS, an IP, or a GS, User Packet Lengthinformation, Data Field Length information, User Packet Sync Byteinformation, start address information of a User Packet Sync Byteincluded in the data field, a high efficiency mode indicator, an inputstream sync field, and so on.

FIG. 13 shows an exemplary case when the input stream type correspondsto a TS, and if the input stream type corresponds to an IP stream or aGSE stream, the delay compensators (111220-0˜n) and the null packetremovers (111230-0˜n) may be omitted. For example, since the IP packetis buffered and reproduced in the receiver in accordance with a timestamp, the data are not required to be delayed, and the null packet isnot required to be added/deleted. Furthermore, in accordance with thecharacteristics of the IP streams, the IP streams of each PLP path arenot required to maintain synchronization or the same order. Therefore,input stream sync modules (111210-0˜n) may be omitted. And, since eachof the IP streams has its own CRC, CRC bytes are not required to beadded to the IP streams. Thus, CRC encoders (111240-0˜n) may also beomitted. Accordingly, in the operations of the input processor of FIG.13, the input stream sync modules (111210-0˜n), the delay compensators(111220-0˜n), the null packet removers (111230-0˜n), and CRC encoders(111240-0˜n) may be omitted, or, in case of the IP stream or GSE stream,the blocks may be bypassed.

FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary structure of a stream adaptation moduleof an input processor (100100) respective to a multi PLP input accordingto another embodiment of the present invention.

The stream adaptation module may include a scheduler (120300), n+1number of frame delayers (130100-0˜n), n+1 number of in-bandsignaling/padding inserters (130200-0˜n), and n+1 number of BBscramblers (130300-0˜n). Furthermore, the stream adaptation module mayinclude L1 signaling generator (130400), two BB scramblers (130500-0,130500-1) for processing L1 signaling information.

The scheduler (120300) may perform scheduling in order to allocatemultiple PLPs to each slot of a transmission frame.

In case the system uses a MIMO method, the scheduler (120300) mayinclude a scheduler for dual polarity MIMO. More specifically, thescheduler (120300) may generate parameters that can be used by a DEMUX,a cell interleaver, a time interleaver of the BICM encoder (100200).Herein, examples of such parameters may include parameters related to apolarity path, such as an H-path and a V-path. Furthermore, thescheduler (120300) enables a cell mapper to map input cells according toscheduling by outputting L1-dynamic signaling information on a currentframe, apart from in-band signaling.

The frame delayers (130100-0˜n) may delay input data by one transmissionframe, so that scheduling information respective to a next frame can betransmitted through a current frame, in order to perform in-bandsignaling.

The in-band signaling/padding inserters (130200-0˜n) insert thenon-delayed L1-dynamic signaling information to the data being delayedby one transmission frame. In this case, if surplus space exists withinthe input data, a padding bit may be inserted in the surplus space, orin-band signaling information may be inserted in the surplus space.

In order to minimize the correlation between transmission bit sequences,the BB scramblers (130300-0˜n) perform XOR operation on the input bitstream and PRBS, which are outputted from the in-band signaling/paddinginserters (130200-0˜n), so as to randomize the input bit stream. Afterperforming the scrambling procedure, the PAPR of the OFDM modulationsignal, which is finally transmitted, may be reduced.

Additionally, in addition to in-band signaling, the scheduler (120300)may transmit L1-dynamic signaling information of the current frame tothe cell mapper of the frame builder. The cell mapper uses the inputtedinformation, so as to map the input cells to the transmission frame.

In addition to the in-band signaling information, the L1 signalinggenerator (130400) generates L1 signaling information, which istransmitted through a preamble symbol of the transmission frame or adata symbol, which is being spread. Such L1 signaling informationincludes L1-pre-signaling information and L1-post-signaling information.The L1 signaling generator (130400) outputs each of the L1-pre-signalinginformation and the L1-post-signaling information. At this point, theL1-pre-signaling information may be scrambled by the BB scrambler(130500-0), and the L1-post-signaling information may be scrambled bythe BB scrambler (130500-1), both by performing XOR operation with thePRBS. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the L1signaling generator (130400) may output the L1 signaling information,which includes the L1-pre-signaling information and theL1-post-signaling information, and one BB scrambler may also scramblethe outputted L1 signaling information.

A stream adaption module respective to multi PLP input of FIG. 14 isdifferent from a stream adaptation module respective to a single PLPinput of FIG. 12 in that a scheduler (120300), n+1 number of framedelayers (130100-0˜n), n+1 number of in-band scheduling/paddinginserters (130200-0˜n), and so on are added to the stream adaptionmodule respective to multi PLP input of FIG. 14.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, the MISO method may beindependently applied for each set of PLP data, and the MIMO method mayalso be applied.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the BICM encodermay perform MIMO encoding on the MIMO PLP data that are to betransmitted by using the MIMO method, and the OFDM generator may performMISO encoding on the MISO PLP data that are to be transmitted by usingthe MISO method. According to another embodiment of the presentinvention, the BICM encoder may perform MIMO encoding on the MIMO PLPdata that are to be transmitted by using the MIMO method, and the BICMencoder may also perform MISO encoding on the MISO PLP data that are tobe transmitted by using the MISO method. In this case, the MISO encodingprocess may be omitted in the OFDM generator.

FIG. 15 illustrates a BICM encoder according to a first exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

The BICM encoder according to the first exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention may perform bit-interleaving and encoding for errorcorrection on a plurality of input-processed PLP data, L1 pre-signalinginformation and L1 post-signaling information.

Additionally, the BICM encoder according to the first exemplaryembodiment of the present invention may independently adopt the MISOmethod on each PLP data, or may adopt the MIMO method. Also, the BICMencoder according to the first exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention may perform MISO encoding and MIMO encoding afterconstellation mapping.

More specifically, the BICM encoder of FIG. 15 may include a first BICMencoding block (132100) processing PLP data by using the MISO method, asecond encoding block (132200) processing PLP data by using the MIMOmethod, and a third encoding block (132300) processing signalinginformation by using the MISO method. The third encoding block (132300)may also process signaling information by using the MIMO method.However, since the signaling information include information requiredfor the receiver to recover the PLP data included in a signal frame, astronger robustness between the transmission and reception is requiredas compared to the case of processing PLP data. Therefore, according tothe exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the third encodingblock (132300) shall process the signaling information by using the MISOmethod. Hereinafter, the data processing method of each block will bedescribed in detail.

Firstly, the first BICM encoding block (132100) may include an FEC(Forward Error Correction) encoder (132110), a bit interleaver (132120),a first DEMUX (132130), a constellation mapper (132140), a MISO encoder(132150), a cell interleaver (132160-1, 132160-2), and a timeinterleaver (132170-1,132170-2).

The FEC encoder (132110) may perform BCH encoding and LDPC encoding,which add redundancy, so that the receiver can correct any erroroccurring over a transmission channel (or transport channel) withrespect to the input-processed PLP data. The bit interleaver (132120)performs bit-interleaving in a single FEC block unit with respect toFEC-encoded PLP data, so as to gain robustness against any burst errorthat may occur during transmission. In this case, the bit interleavermay perform bit-interleaving by using two FEC block units. As describedabove, when performing bit-interleaving by using two FEC block units,cells that respectively form a pair in the frame builder, which will bedescribed in detail later on, may each be generated from different FECblocks. Accordingly, by ensuring diversity, the broadcast signalreceiver may enhance its receiving performance.

The first DEMUX (132130) may perform demultiplexing on thebit-interelaved PLP data in a single FEC block unit. In another example,the first DEMUX (132130) may perform demultiplexing by using two FECblock units. As described above, when performing demultiplexing by usingtwo FEC block units, cells that respectively form a pair in the framebuilder, which will be described in detail later on, may each begenerated from different FEC blocks. Accordingly, by ensuring diversity,the broadcast signal receiver may enhance its receiving performance.

The constellation mapper (132140) may map the demultiplexed bit-unit PLPdata on a constellation in symbol units. In this case, the constellationmapper (132140) may rotate the constellation by a predetermined angledepending upon the modulation type. The rotated constellations may beexpressed with I-phase (In-phase) elements and Q-phase(Quadrature-phase) elements, and, herein, the constellation mapper(132140) may delay only the Q-phase element by an arbitrary (or random)value. Subsequently, the constellation mapper (132140) may use theIn-phase element and the delayed Q-phase element, so as to remap thedemultiplexed PLP data to a new constellation.

The MISO encoder (132150) may perform MISO encoding on the PLP data,which are mapped to the constellation, by using an MISO encoding matrix,so as to output MISO-encoded PLP data to 2 paths (STx_k, STx_k+1). Thus,transmission diversity (or transport diversity) may be gained. Accordingto the present invention, an example of the MISO encoding method mayinclude OSTBC (Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code)/OSFBC (Orthogonal SpaceFrequency Block Code/Alamouti code).

The cell interleaver (132160-1, 132160-2) may respectively performinterleaving on the PLP data being outputted to 2 paths in cell units,and the time interleaver (132170-1, 132170-2) may perform interleavingin time units on the cell-interleaved PLP data being outputted to eachpath. In this case, the time interleaver (132170-1, 132170-2) mayperform interleaving by using 2 FEC blocks. By performing thisprocedure, since cells that respectively form a pair in the framebuilder, which will be described in detail later on, may each begenerated from different FEC blocks, by ensuring diversity, thebroadcast signal receiver may enhance its receiving performance.

The second BICM encoding block (132200) may include an FEC encoder(132210), a bit interleaver (132220), a second DEMUX (132230), a firstconstellation mapper (132240-1), a second constellation mapper(132240-2), a MIMO encoder (132250), a first cell interleaver(132260-1), a second cell interleaver (132260-2), a first timeinterleaver (132270-1), and a second time interleaver (132270-2).

The FEC encoder (132210) and the bit interleaver (132220) may performthe same functions as the FEC encoder (132110) and the bit interleaver(132120) of the MISO method.

The second DEMUX (132230) may perform the same functions as the firstDEMUX (132130) of the MISO method and may also demultiplex the PLP data,so as to output the demultiplexed PLP data to 2 paths, which arerequired for the MIMO transmission. In this case, the transmissioncharacteristic of the data being transmitted through each path may bedifferent from one another. Therefore, the second DEMUX (132230) mayrandomly allocate the bit-interleaved PLP data to each input path.

The first constellation mapper (132240-1) and the second constellationmapper (132240-2) may perform the same functions as the constellationmapper (132140) of the MISO method.

The MISO encoder (132250) may perform MISO encoding on the inputted PLPdata of the 2 paths by using an MIMO encoding matrix, so as to outputthe MIMO-encoded PLP data to 2 paths (STx_m, STx_m+1). The MIMO encodingmatrix according to the present invention may include spatialmultiplexing, GC (Golden code), Full-rate full diversity code, Lineardispersion code, and so on.

Among the PLP data being inputted through each of the two paths, thefirst cell interleaver (132260-1) and the second cell interleaver(132260-2) may perform cell-interleaving only on PLP data having a sizecorresponding to half the size of the cell included in an FEC block.Accordingly, cell-interleaving performed by the first cell interleaver(132260-1) and the second cell interleaver (132260-2) may have the sameeffect of that of a single cell interleaver. Additionally, it isadvantageous in that, in order to process data of multiple paths,cell-interleaving can be performed by using memory settings of a singlecell interleaver without having to allocate additional memory to thefirst cell interleaver (132260-1) and the second cell interleaver(132260-2).

The first time interleaver (132270-1) and the second time interleaver(132270-2) may perform the same functions as the time interleaver(132170-1, 132170-2) of the MISO method. In this case, the first timeinterleaver (132270-1) and the second time interleaver (132270-2) mayperform time-interleaving by using the same method as that used on thePLP data, which are inputted to each path, or may performtime-interleaving by using another method.

The L1-signaling information may include L1 pre-signaling informationand L1 post-signaling information, and the MISO method may beindependently applied to each of L1 pre-signaling information and L1post-signaling information.

Therefore, the third BICM encoding block (132300) may include a firstencoding block (132400) for processing L1 pre-signaling information anda second encoding block (132500) for processing L1 post-signalinginformation.

The first encoding block (132400) may include an FEC encoder (132410), aconstellation mapper (132420), a MISO encoder (132430), a cellinterleaver (132440-1, 132440-2), and a time interleaver (132450-1,132450-2). Additionally, the second encoding block (132500) may includean FEC encoder (132510), a bit interleaver (132520), a DEMUX (132530), aconstellation mapper (132540), a MISO encoder (132560), a cellinterleaver (132560-1. 132560-2), and a time interleaver (132570-1.132570-2).

The L1 pre-signaling information may include information required fordecoding L1 post-signaling information, and the L1 post-signalinginformation may include information required by the receiver forrecovering data transmitted from the transmitter.

More specifically, in order to decode the L1 -signaling information anddata, the receiver is required to accurately and swiftly decode L1pre-signaling information. Therefore, according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention, bit-interleaving and demultiplexingare not performed on the L1 pre-signaling information, so that thereceiver can perform swift decoding on the L1 pre-signaling information.

Hereinafter, the functions of each block included in the first encodingblock (132400) and the second encoding block (132500) are identical tothe functions of the blocks included in the first BICM encoding block(132100), and, therefore, detailed description of the same will beomitted for simplicity.

As a result, the first encoding block (132400) for processing the L1pre-signaling information may perform MISO encoding on the L1pre-signaling information, so as to output the processed L1pre-signaling information to 2 paths (STx_pre, STx_pre+1). Additionally,the second encoding block (132500) for processing the L1 post-signalinginformation may perform MISO encoding on the L1 post-signalinginformation, so as to output the processed L1 post-signaling informationto 2 paths (STx_post, STx_post+1).

As shown in FIG. 15, when each of the MISO encoder and the MIMO encoderare located between the constellation mapper and the cell interleaver,the respective BICM decoder of the broadcast signal receiver performsMISO/MIMO decoding after performing all of the time-deinterleaving andcell-interleaving processes in symbol units. In this case, since thebit-unit data, which are processed with MISO/MIMO decoding, areprocessed with constellation demapping, separate information related tosymbol mapping is not required. Therefore, when the MISO/MIMO encodersare located after (or behind) the constellation mapper, memorycomplexity in the receiver may be more decreased as compared to when theMISO/MIMO encoders are located after (or behind) the time interleaver.

FIG. 16 illustrates a BICM encoder according to a second exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

The BICM encoder according to the second exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention may perform bit-interleaving and encoding for errorcorrection on a plurality of input-processed PLP data, L1 pre-signalinginformation and L1 post-signaling information.

Additionally, the BICM encoder according to the second exemplaryembodiment of the present invention may independently adopt the MISOmethod on each PLP data, or may adopt the MIMO method.

As shown in FIG. 16, the BICM encoder may include a first BICM encodingblock (133100) processing PLP data by using the MISO method, a secondencoding block (133200) processing PLP data by using the MIMO method,and a third encoding block (133300) processing signaling information byusing the MISO method.

Since the BICM encoding blocks according to the second exemplaryembodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 16 perform the samefunctions as the BICM encoding blocks according to the first embodimentof the present invention, detailed description of the same will beomitted for simplicity. However, the difference between the BICMencoding blocks according to the first embodiment of the presentinvention and the BICM encoding blocks according to the secondembodiment of the present invention is that the MISO encoders (133120,133420,133520) and the MIMO encoder (133220) of the BICM encoding blocksaccording to the second embodiment of the present invention are locatedafter (or behind) the time interleavers (133110, 133210-1, 133210-2,133410 and 133510).

As shown in FIG. 16, when each of the MISO encoder and the MIMO encoderare located at the outputting end of the time interleaver, therespective BICM decoder of the broadcast signal receiver first performsMISO decoding or MIMO decoding on each set of data, so as to output thedata processed with MISO decoding or MIMO decoding in bit units. At thispoint, the data being outputted from the MISO decoder or the MIMOdecoder correspond to bit-unit likelihood information (or probabilityinformation). Accordingly, although the BICM decoder of the broadcastsignaling receiver can perform time de-interleaving and cellde-interleaving processes on the MISO-decoded or MIMO-decoded data,since data being outputted in bit units are inputted, informationrelated to symbol units is also required. Therefore, since the broadcastsignal receiver is required to store information related to symbolmapping of the input bits required for the de-interleaving process, thememory complexity of the broadcast signal receiver may be increased.

Although it is not shown in the drawing, the BICM encoder according tothe third embodiment of the present invention may include a firstencoding block processing MISO PLP data that are to be MISO-encoded, asecond encoding block processing MIMO PLP data that are to beMIMO-encoded, and a third BICM encoding block processing signalinginformation that is to be MISO-encoded. Since the BICM encoding blocksaccording to the third embodiment of the present invention perform thesame functions as the BICM encoding blocks according to the firstexemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 15, detaileddescription of the same will be omitted for simplicity. However, thedifference between the BICM encoding blocks of the third exemplaryembodiment of the present invention and the BICM encoding blocks of thefirst exemplary embodiment of the present invention is that the BICMencoding blocks of the third exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention do not include the MISO encoder and the MIMO encoder.

Furthermore, the BICM encoder according to a fourth exemplary embodimentof the present invention is almost identical to the third exemplaryembodiment of the present invention. However, the BICM encoder accordingto the fourth embodiment of the present invention is different from theBICM encoder according to the third embodiment of the present inventionin that the BICM encoder according to the fourth embodiment of thepresent invention performs MIMO encoding on the MIMO PLP data that areto be processed by using the MIMO method. More specifically, the BICMencoder according to the fourth exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention may include a first BICM encoding block processing MISO PLPdata that are to be MISO-encoded, a second BICM encoding blockprocessing MIMO PLP data that are to be MIMO-encoded, and a third BICMencoding block processing signaling information that is to beMISO-encoded, and the third BICM encoding block may include a firstencoding block for processing L1 pre-signaling information and a secondencoding block for processing L1 post-signaling information. Mostparticularly, the first BICM encoding block according to the fourthexemplary embodiment of the present invention may not include any MISOencoders, and the second BICM encoding block according to the fourthexemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a MIMOencoder. In this case, the MIMO encoder may be located after (or behind)the time interleaver as shown in the first embodiment of the presentinvention, or the MIMO encoder may be located after (or behind) theconstellation mapper as shown in the second embodiment of the presentinvention. This may be varied in accordance with the intentions of thesystem designer.

The first BICM encoding block of FIG. 15 or FIG. 16 outputs MISO-encodedPLP data through 2 different paths (STX_k, STX_k+1), and the second BICMencoding block outputs MIMO-encoded PLP data through 2 different paths(STX_m, STX_m+1). Additionally, the third BICM encoding block outputsMISO-encoded signaling data through 2 different paths (STX_pre,STX_pre+1 and STX_post, STX_post+1) with respect to the L1 pre-signalinginformation and the L1 post-signaling information. Hereinafter, the pathcorresponding to STX_k, STX_m, STX_pre, and STX_post will be referred toas a first path, and the path corresponding to STX_k+1, STX_m+1,STX_pre+1, and STX_post+1 will be referred to as a second path, forsimplicity.

FIG. 17 illustrates a block diagram showing a structure of a framebuilder according to another embodiment of the present invention, whichis adequate for processing the output of the BICM encoder shown in FIG.15.

The frame builder of FIG. 17 comprises a first frame building block(136801) receiving the MISO encoded PLP data, the MIMO encoded PLP data,the MISO encoded L1-pre-signaling information, and the MISO encodedL1-post-signaling information of the first path (STX_k, STX_m, STX_pre,STX_post), and a second frame building block (136901) receiving the MISOencoded PLP data, the MIMO encoded PLP data, the MISO encodedL1-pre-signaling information, and the MISO encoded L1-post-signalinginformation of the second path (STX_k+1, STX_m+1, STX_pre+1,STX_post+1). The data of the first path processed in the first framebuilding block (136801) are transmitted through a first antenna (Tx_1)after being processed with a modulation process in the OFDM generator,and the data of the second path processed in the second frame buildingblock (136901) are transmitted through a second antenna (Tx_2) afterbeing processed with a modulation process in the OFDM generator.

The first frame building block (136801) may include a first delaycompensator (136800-1), a first pair-wise cell mapper (136800-2), and afirst pair-wise frequency interleaver (136800-3), and the second framebuilding block (136901) may include a second delay compensator(136900-1), a second pair-wise cell mapper (136900-2), and a secondpair-wise frequency interleaver (136900-3) for processing the data beinginputted through the second path.

The first pair-wise cell mapper (136800-2) and the first pair-wisefrequency interleaver (136800-3) and the second pair-wise cell mapper(136900-2) and the second pair-wise frequency interleaver (136900-3) maybe identically operated with respect to each of the first path and thesecond path and may also be independently operated.

Hereinafter, the data processing method of the blocks included in eachof the first frame building block (136801) and the second frame buildingblock (136901) will be described in detail.

The first delay compensator (136800-1) and the second delay compensator(136900-1) compensates for both the delay by one transmission frameapplied to the L1-pre-signaling data or L1-post-signaling data and thedelay caused by the encoding process of the BICM encoder. The L1signaling information may include the information on the currenttransmission frame as well as the information on the next transmissionframe. Therefore, during the above-described input processing procedure,the L1 signaling information is delayed by one frame as compared to thePLP data, which are currently being inputted. By performing thisprocedure, one transmission frame may be capable of transmitting the L1signaling information including information on the current transmissionframe and information on the next transmission frame.

The first pair-wise cell mapper (136800-2) and the second pair-wise cellmapper (136900-2) map respectively map the symbol unit PLP data and theL1 signaling data, which are inputted through each path, in cell unitsto the subcarrier of the OFDM symbol within the transmission frame.

In this case, the PLP data being inputted through each path may includecommon PLP data and MISO-MIMO-encoded PLP data. And, a sub-sliceprocessor may perform sub-slicing on the PLP data cells and map thesub-sliced PLP data cells to the transmission frame, so as to gaindiversity.

Additionally, the first pair-wise cell mapper (136800-2) and the secondpair-wise cell mapper (136900-2) may pair 2 consecutive input cells andmay map the paired cells to the transmission frame.

In order to increase the MISO signal recovery performance of thereceiver, when performing MISO encoding, the MISO transmission channelis required to ensure coherence between the channels. Accordingly, inorder to ensure coherence between the channels, the first pair-wise cellmapper (136800-2) and the second pair-wise cell mapper (136900-2) mayrespectively pair cells, which are generated from the same PLP data, andmay map the paired cells to the subcarrier of the OFDM modulation,thereby maximizing the coherence between the channels. In other words,according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the MISOencoder is located in the BICM encoder of the frame builder, the framestructure may be configured by the frame builder in pair units basedupon such MISO encoding.

Moreover, as described above, when bit interleaving or time interleavingis performed by the bit interleaver and the time interleaver of the BICMencoder by using two FEC blocks, since the two input cells that aregrouped to form a pair may be generated from different FEC blocks, thereceiver may be capable of ensuring diversity and may gain highreception performance.

The first pair-wise frequency interleaver (136800-3) and the secondpair-wise frequency interleaver (136900-3) may perform frequencyinterleaving in cell units on the data being inputted through each path.Then, the first pair-wise frequency interleaver (136800-3) and thesecond pair-wise frequency interleaver (136900-3) may output thefrequency interleaved data to the OFDM generator through each path.

In this case, the first pair-wise frequency interleaver (136800-3) andthe second pair-wise frequency interleaver (136900-3) may group 2consecutive input cells in pairs and may process each cell pair as asingle interleaving unit, thereby performing frequency interleaving.This is for maximizing the coherence between the channels.

FIG. 18 illustrates a block view shown in the structure of an OFDMgenerator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Most particularly, FIG. 18 corresponds to an example of a broadcastsignal being transmitted through 2 transmission antennae (or transportantennae). According to the exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, a polarity multiplexing MIMO method will be used.

The OFDM generator of FIG. 18 consists of 2 pilot inserters(137100-0,137100-1), 2 IFFT modules (137200-0,137200-1), 2 PAPRreduction modules (137300-0,137300-1), 2 GI insertion modules(137400-0,137400-1), 2 P1 symbol insertion modules (137500-0,137500-1),2 AP1 symbol insertion modules (137600-0,137600-1), and 2 DACs(137700-0,137700-1). In the present invention, a block modulating abroadcast signal that is to be transmitted through a first transmissionantenna (Tx1) will hereinafter be referred to as a first transmittingunit, and a block modulating a broadcast signal that is to betransmitted through a second transmission antenna (Tx2) will hereinafterbe referred to as a second transmitting unit. The first transmittingunit includes pilot inserter (137100-0), an IFFT module (137200-0), aPAPR reduction module (137300-0), a GI insertion module (137400-0), a P1symbol insertion module (137500-0), an AP1 symbol insertion module(137600-0), and a DAC (137700-0). The second transmitting unit includesa pilot inserter (137100-1), an IFFT module (137200-1), a PAPR reductionmodule (137300-1), a GI insertion module (137400-1), a P1 symbolinsertion module (137500-1), an AP1 symbol insertion module (137600-1),and a DAC (137700-1).

The pilot inserter (137100-0, 137100-1) inserts a pilot signal having aspecific pilot pattern in a respective location within a signal frame,which is being inputted to each path and outputs the processed signal tothe IFFT module (137200-0, 137200-1), so that the receiver can performtransport channel (or transmission channel) estimation andtime/frequency synchronization. At this point, the pilot patterninformation may either be signaled to the AP1 signaling information ormay be signaled to the L1 signaling information. Alternatively, thepilot pattern information may be signaled to both the AP1 signalinginformation and the L1 signaling information.

The IFFT module (137200-0, 137200-1) converts each signal having thepilot inserted therein to a time domain by performing inverse fastfourier conversion, thereby outputting the processed signal to the PAPRreduction module (137300-0, 137300-1).

The PAPR reduction module (137300-0, 137300-1) reduces the PAPR of thetime domain signals and then outputs the processed signal to the GIinsertion module (137400-0, 137400-1). The PAPR reduction module(137300-0, 137300-1) reduces the PAPR from the modulated OFDM symbol byusing at least one of an ACE (Active Constellation Extension) method ora Tone Reservation method. Additionally, with respect to a PAPRreduction algorithm, the required information may be fed-back to thepilot inserter (137100-0, 137100-1).

The GI insertion module (137400-0, 137400-1) inserts a guard interval inthe form of a cyclic prefix by copying an end portion of an effectiveOFDM symbol at a starting portion (or beginning) of the correspondingOFDM symbol, thereby outputting the processed signal to the P1 symbolinsertion module (137500-0, 137500-1). The GI information is signaled tothe L1 pre-signaling information. Additionally, a portion of the GIinformation is signaled to the P1 signaling information.

The P1 symbol insertion module (137500-0, 137500-1) inserts a P1 symbolat a starting portion (or beginning) of each signal frame, therebyoutputting the processed signal to the AP1 symbol insertion module(137600-0, 137600-1).

The AP1 symbol insertion module (137600-0, 137600-1) inserts an AP1symbol after the P1 symbol and then outputs the processed signal to theDAC (137700-0, 137700-1). Herein, the insertion of the P1 symbol and theAP1 symbol may be performed by the P1 symbol insertion module (137500-0,137500-1), and, in this case, the AP1 symbol insertion module (137600-0,137600-1) may be omitted.

The DAC (137700-0, 137700-1) converts each signal frame having the AP1symbol inserted therein to an analog signal and then transmits theprocessed signal through the corresponding transmission antenna (Tx1,Tx2).

FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram showing an exemplary structure of abroadcast signal receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The broadcast signal receiving apparatus according to the presentinvention may include an OFDM demodulator (138100), a frame demapper(138200), a BICM decoder (138300), and an output processor (138400).

The frame demapper (138200) may also be referred to as a frame parser.The OFDM demodulator (138100) converts time domain signals to frequencydomain signals. Herein, the time domain signals correspond to signalsbeing received through multiple reception antennae and then beingconverted to digital signals. Among the signals being converted tofrequency domain signals, the frame demapper (138200) outputs the PLPsdesignated to required services. The BICM decider (138300) correctserrors that occur due to the transmission channel, and the outputprocessor (138300) performs procedures required for generating an outputTS or IP or GS stream.

FIG. 20 illustrates a block diagram showing an exemplary structure of anOFDM demodulator (131800) of the broadcast signal receiving apparatus.More specifically, the OFDM demodulator of FIG. 20 performs an inverseprocess of the OFDM generator of FIG. 18. According to the embodiment ofthe present invention, in order to receive a broadcast signal, which istransmitted by using a MIMO or MISO, two reception antennae (Rx1, Rx2)are used. An embodiment according to the present invention accordinguses a polarity multiplexing MIMO method.

The OFDM demodulator (138100) of FIG. 20 includes a first receiving unitconfigured to perform OFDM demodulation on a signal, which is receivedthrough the first reception antenna (Rx1), and a second receiving unitconfigured to perform OFDM demodulation on a signal, which is receivedthrough the second reception antenna (Rx2).

The first receiving unit may include a tuner (139000-0), an ADC(139100-0), a P1 symbol detector (139200-0), an AP1 symbol detector(139250-0), a time/frequency synchronization unit (139300-0), a GIremover (139400-0), an FFT module (139500-0), and a channel estimator(139600-0). And, the second receiving unit may include a tuner(139000-1), an ADC (139100-1), a P1 symbol detector (139200-1), an AP1symbol detector (139250-1), a time/frequency synchronization unit(139300-1), a GI remover (139400-1), an FFT module (139500-1), and achannel estimator (139600-1). And, since the operations of the blocksincluded in the second receiving unit are identical to those of theblocks included in the first receiving unit, the detailed description ofthe same will be omitted for simplicity.

The tuner (139000-0) of the first receiving unit may select only asignal of a desired (or wanted) frequency band. Also, according to theembodiment of the present invention, in order to be applied to the TFSsystem, the tuner (139000-0) may have an FH (Frequency Hopping)function. The ADC (139100-0) converts the analog broadcasting signal,which is inputted through a first path (e.g., V-path), to a digitalbroadcasting signal.

The P1 symbol detector (139200-0) detects a P1 symbol from the digitalbroadcast signal, and the P1 symbol detector (139200-0) then uses P1signaling information, which is carried by the P1 symbol, so as todetermine the frame structure of the currently received signal. The AP1symbol detector (139250-0) may detect and decode an AP1 symbol, whichtransmits the AP1 signaling information included in the digitalbroadcasting signal, so as to gain pilot pattern information of thecurrent signal frame. Herein, the detection and decoding of the P1symbol and the AP1 symbol may be performed by the P1 symbol detector(139200-0), and, in this case, the AP1 symbol detector (139250-0) may beomitted.

The time/frequency synchronization unit (139300-0) uses at least one ofthe P1 signaling information and the AP1 signaling information so as toperform GI extraction and time synchronization and carrier frequencysynchronization.

The GI remover (139400-0) removes the GI from the synchronized signal,and the FFT module (139500-0) converts the GI-removed signal to afrequency domain signal.

The channel estimator (139600-0) uses a pilot signal being inserted inthe frequency domain signal, so as to estimate a transmission channelstarting from a transmission antenna to a reception antenna. The channelestimator (139600-0) performs channel equalization compensating for adistortion in a transmission channel based on the estimated transmissionchannel. The channel equalization is optional.

FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary structure of any one of the P1 symboldetectors (139200-0, 139200-1) according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. Herein, the P1 symbol detectors (139200-0, 139200-1) may alsobe referred to as a C-A-B preamble detector.

The present invention will describe the P1 symbol detector (139200-0) ofthe first receiving unit. An operation description of the P1 symboldetector (139200-1) of the second receiving unit refers to that of theP1 symbol detector (139200-0) of the first receiving unit.

More specifically, the signal that is converted to a digital signal fromthe ADC (139100-0) may be inputted to a down shifter (139801), a 1^(st)conjugator (139803), and a 2^(nd) delayer (139806) of the P1 symboldetector (139200).

The down shifter (139801) performs inverse modulation by multiplying

𝕖^(−j2π f_(SH^(t)))by the input signal. When inverse modulation is performed by the downshifter (139801), the signal being frequency-shifted and inputted isrecovered to the original signal. The inverse modulated signal may beoutputted to a 1^(st) delayer (139802) and a 2^(nd) conjugator (139807).

The 1^(st) delayer (139802) delays the inverse-modulated signal by alength of part C (T_(C)) and then outputs the delayed signal to the1^(st) conjugator (139803). The 1^(st) conjugator (139803) performscomplex-conjugation on the signal, which is delayed by a length of partC (T_(C)). Then, the 1^(st) conjugator (139803) multiplies the inputsignal by the complex-conjugated signal, thereby outputting theprocessed signal to a 1^(st) filter (139804). The 1^(st) filter (139804)uses a running average filter having the length of T_(R)=T_(A), so as toremove (or eliminate) any excessively and unnecessarily remainingmodulation elements, thereby outputting the processed signal to a 3^(rd)delayer (139805). The 3^(rd) delayer (139805) delays the filtered signalby a length of part A (i.e., effective (or valid) symbol) (T_(A)), so asto output the delayed signal to a multiplier (139809).

The 2^(nd) delayer (139806) delays the input signal by a length of partB (T_(B)) and then outputs the delayed signal to the 2^(nd) conjugator(139807). The 2^(nd) conjugator (139807) performs complex-conjugation onthe signal, which is delayed by a length of part B (T_(B)). Then, the2nd conjugator (139807) multiplies the complex-conjugated signal by aninverse-modulated signal, thereby outputting the processed signal to a2^(nd) filter (139808). The 2^(nd) filter (139808) uses a runningaverage filter having the length of T_(R)=T_(A), so as to remove (oreliminate) any excessively and unnecessarily remaining modulationelements, thereby outputting the processed signal to the multiplier(139809).

The multiplier (139809) multiplies the output of the 2^(nd) filter(139809) by a signal, which is delayed by a length of part A (T_(A)).Thus, a P1 symbol may be detected from each signal frame of the receivedbroadcast signal.

Herein, the length of part C (T_(C)) and the length of part B (T_(B))may be obtained by applying Equation 11 shown above.

FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary structure of any one of the AP1 symboldetectors (139250-0, 139250-1) according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. Herein, the AP1 symbol detectors (139250-0, 139250-1) mayalso be referred to as an F-D-E preamble detector.

The present invention will describe the AP1 symbol detector (139250-0)of the first receiving unit. An operation description of the AP1 symboldetector (139250-1) of the second receiving unit refers to that of theAP1 symbol detector (139250-0) of the first receiving unit.

More specifically, the signal that is converted to a digital signal fromthe ADC (139100-0) or a signal that is outputted from the P1 symboldetector (139200) may be inputted to an up-shifter (139901), a 1^(st)conjugator (139903), and a 2^(nd) delayer (139906) of the AP1 symboldetector (139250-0).

The up-shifter (139901) performs inverse modulation by multiplying

𝕖^(j2π f_(SH^(t)))by the input signal. When inverse modulation is performed by theup-shifter (139901), the signal being frequency-shifted and inputted isrecovered to the original signal. More specifically, the up-shifter(139901) of FIG. 22 has the same structure as the down-shifter (139801)of the P1 symbol detector (139200). However, the frequency direction ofeach inverse modulation process is completely opposite to one another.The signal that is inverse modulated by the up-shifter (139901) may beoutputted to a 1^(st) delayer (139902) and a 2^(nd) conjugator (139907).

The 1^(st) delayer (139902) delays the inverse-modulated signal by alength of part F (T_(E)) and then outputs the delayed signal to the1^(st) conjugator (139903). The 1^(st) conjugator (139903) performscomplex-conjugation on the signal, which is delayed by a length of partF (T_(F)). Then, the 1^(st) conjugator (139903) multiplies the inputsignal by the complex-conjugated signal, thereby outputting theprocessed signal to a 1^(st) filter (139904). The 1^(st) filter (139904)uses a running average filter having the length of T_(R)=T_(D), so as toremove (or eliminate) any excessively and unnecessarily remainingmodulation elements, thereby outputting the processed signal to a 3^(rd)delayer (139905). The 3^(rd) delayer (139905) delays the filtered signalby a length of part D (i.e., effective (or valid) symbol) (T_(D)), so asto output the delayed signal to a multiplier (139909).

The 2^(nd) delayer (139906) delays the input signal by a length of partE (T_(E)) and then outputs the delayed signal to the 2^(nd) conjugator(139907). The 2^(nd) conjugator (139907) performs complex-conjugation onthe signal, which is delayed by a length of part E (T_(E)). Then, the2^(nd) conjugator (139907) multiplies the complex-conjugated signal byan inverse-modulated signal, thereby outputting the processed signal toa 2^(nd) filter (139908). The 2^(nd) filter (139908) uses a runningaverage filter having the length of T_(R)=T_(D), so as to remove (oreliminate) any excessively and unnecessarily remaining modulationelements, thereby outputting the processed signal to the multiplier(139909).

The multiplier (139909) multiplies the output of the 2^(nd) filter(139909) by a signal, which is delayed by a length of part D (T_(D)).Thus, an AP1 symbol may be detected from each signal frame of thereceived broadcast signal. Herein, the length of part F (T_(F)) and thelength of part E (T_(E)) may be obtained by applying Equation 11 shownabove.

FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary frame demapper (138200) of thebroadcasting signal receiving apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the frame demapper(138200) performs an inverse process of the frame builder (100300) ofthe broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus shown in FIG. 17.

The frame demapper of FIG. 23 includes a first frame demapping block(170100) for processing data that are inputted through a first path, anda second frame demapping block (170300) for processing data that areinputted through a second path. The first frame demapping block (170100)includes a first pair-wise frequency deinterleaver (170101) and a firstpair-wise cell demapper (170102), and the second frame demapping block(170300) includes a second pair-wise frequency deinterleaver (170301)and a second pair-wise cell demapper (170302).

Additionally, the first pair-wise frequency deinterleaver (170101) andthe first pair-wise cell demapper (170102) and the second pair-wisefrequency deinterleaver (170301) and the second pair-wise cell demapper(170302) may perform the same operations with respect to the first pathand the second path and may also independently perform the respectiveoperations.

The data processing method of the blocks included in each of the firstframe demapping block (170100) and the second frame demapping block(170300) will hereinafter be described in detail.

The first pair-wise frequency deinterleaver (170101) and the secondpair-wise frequency deinterleaver (170301) performs deinterleaving onthe data being respectively inputted through the first path and thesecond path in cell units and in the respective frequency domain. Inthis case, the first pair-wise frequency deinterleaver (170101) and thesecond pair-wise frequency deinterleaver (170301) groups 2 consecutivecells in pairs, thereby processing each pair of cells as a singledeinterleaving unit and performing frequency deinterleaving. Thedeinterleaving procedure may be performed as an inverse process of theinterleaving procedure performed by the transmitting unit. And, thefrequency deinterleaved data are recovered by the initial data order,thereby being outputted.

The first pair-wise cell demapper (170102) and the second pair-wise celldemapper (170302) may extract common PLP data, PLP data, and L1signaling information in cell units from the deinterleaved data. Theextracted PLP data may include MISO PLP data, wherein the MISO method isto be applied, and MIMO PLP data, wherein the MIMO method is to beapplied. And, the extracted L1 signaling information may includeinformation on the current transmission frame and information on thenext transmission frame. Additionally, if sub-slicing has been performedon the PLP data by the transmitter, the first pair-wise cell demapper(170102) and the second pair-wise cell demapper (170302) may merge thesub-sliced PLP data, so as to generate a single stream.

Moreover, the first pair-wise cell demapper (170102) and the secondpair-wise cell demapper (170302) may group 2 consecutive cell in pairsand may then perform extraction.

The data being processed with cell demapping by the first pair-wise celldemapper (170102) may be inputted to the BICM decoder through a firstpath (from SRx_0 to SRx_post), and the data being processed with celldemapping by the second pair-wise cell demapper (170302) may beoutputted to the BICM decoder through a second path (from SRx_0+1 toSRx_post+1).

FIG. 24 illustrates a BICM decoder according to a first exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

The BICM decoder according to the first embodiment of the presentinvention receives data being outputted from the frame demapper througha first path (SRx_0˜SRx_post) and data being outputted from the framedemapper through a second path (SRx_0+1˜SRx_post+1) and then performsBICM decoding on the received data.

Additionally, the BICM decoder according to the first embodiment of thepresent invention may independently adopt the MISO method or the MIMOmethod on the data being inputted from each path.

More specifically, the BICM decoder of FIG. 24 may include a first BICMdecoding block (180100) receiving MISO PLP data through 2 paths (SRx_k,SRx_k+1) and processing the received data, a second BICM decoding block(180200) receiving MIMO PLP data through 2 paths (SRx_m, SRx_m+1) andprocessing the received data, and a third BICM decoding block (180300)receiving signaling data through 4 paths (SRx_pre, SRx_pre+1 andSRx_post, SRx_post+1) and processing the received data.

Additionally, the BICM decoder according to the first embodiment of thepresent invention may perform inverse process of the BICM encoderaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.15.

The data processing method of each block will hereinafter be describedin detail.

First of all, the first BICM decoding block (180100) may include a timede-interleaver (180110-1, 180100-2), a cell de-interleaver (180120-1,180120-2), a MISO decoder (180130), a constellation demapper (180140), afirst MUX (180150), a bit de-interleaver (180160), and an FEC decoder(180170).

The time de-interleaver (180110-1,180100-2) performs time domainde-interleaving (or time de-interleaving) on the inputted data, so as toreturn (or recover) the corresponding data to the initial location, andthe cell de-interleaver (180120-1, 180120-2) performs de-interleaving incell units on the time de-interleaved data.

The MISO decoder (180130) performs MISO decoding on the MISO PLP data.The MISO decoder (180130) according to the present invention may perform4 different operations. Each operation will hereinafter be described indetail.

Firstly, when the channel estimator (139600-0,139600-1) included in theOFDM demodulator, which is described with reference to FIG. 20, does notperform channel equalization, the MISO decoder (180130) may calculatethe LLR value after applying a channel estimation effect on allreference points available for transmission. Accordingly, the sameeffect as channel equalization may be gained.

Secondly, the MISO decoder (180130) may perform the following operationsin accordance with the operations of the constellation mapper (132140),which is included in the BICM encoder of the broadcast signaltransmitter shown in FIG. 15. When the constellation mapper (132140),which is included in the BICM encoder of the broadcast signaltransmitter, rotates the constellation by a predetermined angle anddelays only the Q-phase element of the constellation by an arbitrary (orrandom) value, the MISO decoder (180130) may delay only the I-phaseelement of the constellation by an arbitrary (or random) value and maythen calculate a 2D-LLR value based upon the rotation angle of theconstellation.

If the constellation mapper (132140), which is included in the BICMencoder of the broadcast signal transmitter, does not rotate theconstellation and does not delay only the Q-phase element of theconstellation by an arbitrary (or random) value, the MISO decoder(180130) may calculate the 2-D LLR value based upon a normal QAM.

Thirdly, the MISO decoder (180130) may select a decoding matrix, so thatan inverse process can be performed in accordance with the encodingmatrix used in the MISO encoder (132150), which is included in the BICMencoder of the broadcast signal transmitter, and, then, the MISO decoder(180130) may perform MISO decoding.

Finally, the MISO decoder (180130) may combine the signals that areinputted through two reception antennae. The signal combining methodaccording to the present invention may include maximum ratio combining,equal gain combining, selective combining, and so on, and, by maximizingthe SNR of the combined signals, the MISO decoder (180130) may gain adiversity effect.

Additionally, the MISO decoder (180130) may perform MISO decoding on asignal being processed with signal combining, and, after performing MISOdecoding respective to the input of the two antennae, the MISO decoder(180130) may combine the MISO-decoded signals.

The constellation demapper (180140) may perform the following functionsin accordance with the operation of the MISO decoder (180130).

First of all, when the MISO decoder (180130) performs only MISO decodingand does not directly output any LLR value, the constellation demapper(180140) may calculate the LLR value. More specifically, this willhereinafter be described in more detail. When the constellation mapper(132140), which is included in the BICM encoder of the broadcast signaltransmitter shown in FIG. 15, performs constellation rotation andQ-phase element delay, the constellation demapper (180140) may calculatethe LLR value after delaying the I-phase element. If the constellationmapper (132140), which is included in the BICM encoder of the broadcastsignal transmitter, does not perform constellation rotation and Q-phaseelement delay, the constellation demapper (180140) may calculate the LLRvalue based upon a normal QAM.

A method for calculating the LLR value may include a method forcalculating a 2-D LLR and a method for calculating a 1-D LLR. In case ofcalculating the 1-D LLR value, any one of the input through the firstpath and the input through the second path may be performed, therebyreducing the complexity in the LLR calculation.

The first MUX (180150) may recover the demapped data to a bit streamformat.

The bit deinterleaver (180160) may perform deinterleaving on theinputted bit stream, and the FEC decoder (180170) may perform FECdecoding on the data, which are processed with deinterleaving, so as tocorrect any error occurring within the transmission channel (ortransport channel), thereby outputting the MISO PLP data.

The second BICM decoding block (180200) may include a first timedeinterleaver (180210-0) and a second time deinterleaver (180210-1), afirst cell deinterleaver (180220-0) and a second cell deinterleaver(180220-1), a MIMO decoder (180230), a first constellation demapper(180240-0) and a second constellation demapper (180240-1), a second MUX(180250), a bit deinterleaver (180260), and an FEC decoder (180270).

The first time deinterleaver (180210-0) and the second timedeinterleaver (180210-1) perform time domain deinterleaving on the inputdata in cell units, thereby recovering the original (or initial) data.In this case, among the data being inputted through each path, the firsttime deinterleaver (180210-0) and the second time deinterleaver(180210-1) may perform cell deinterleaving only on the datacorresponding to half the size of the cell included in an FEC block. Asa result, cell de-interleaving process performed by the first timedeinterleaver (180210-0) and the second time deinterleaver (180210-1)may have the same effect as the deinterleaving process of adeinterleaver using a single FEC block.

The MIMO decoder (180230) may perform MIMO decoding on cell-interleaveddata, which are received through 2 paths (SRx_m, SRx_m+1). With theexception for the fourth operation, i.e., the signal combiningoperation, among the above-described 4 different operations of the MISOdecoder (180110), the MIMO decoder (180230) may perform the sameoperations as the MISO decoder (180110). At this point, the MIMO decoder(180210) may perform decoding by using the above-described MIMO decodingmatrix.

The first constellation demapper (180240-0), the second constellationdemapper (180240-1), the second MUX (180250), the bit deinterleaver(180260), and the FEC decoder (180270) may perform the same functions asthe above-described MISO method.

The third BICM decoding block (180300) may include a first decodingblock (180400) for processing L1 pre-signaling data and a seconddecoding block (180500) for processing L1 post-signaling data. The firstdecoding block (180400) may include a time deinterleaver (180410-1,180410-2), a cell deinterleaver (180420-1, 180420-2), a MISO decoder(180430), a constellation demapper (180440), and an FEC decoder(180450), and the second decoding block (180500) may include a timedeinterleaver (180510-1, 180510-1), a cell deinterleaver (180520-1,180520-2), a MISO decoder (180530), a constellation demapper (180540), aMUX (180550), a bit deinterleaver (180560), and an FEC decoder (180570).

Hereinafter, since the functions of each block included in the firstdecoding block (180400) and the second decoding block (180500) areidentical to the functions of each block included in the first BICMdecoding block (180100), detailed description of the same will beomitted for simplicity.

As a result, the first BICM decoding block (180100) may output PLP data,which are processed with BICM decoding including MIMO decoding, to anoutput processor, and the second BICM decoding block (180200) may outputPLP data, which are processed with BICM decoding including MIMOdecoding, to an output processor.

Additionally, the first decoding block (180400), which is included inthe third BICM decoding block (180300), may perform MISO decoding on L1pre-signaling data, so as to output L1 pre-signaling information. Also,the second decoding block (180500), which is included in the third BICMdecoding block (180300), may perform MISO decoding on L1 post-signalingdata, so as to output L1 post-signaling information.

As described above, in the BICM decoder according to the firstembodiment of the present invention, since the MISO/MIMO decoder islocated between the cell deinterleaver and the first and secondconstellation demappers, by performing MISO/MIMO decoding afterperforming all of the time deinterleaving and cell deinterleavingprocesses in symbol units, the memory complexity in the broadcast signalreceiver may be reduced.

FIG. 25 illustrates a BICM decoder according to a second exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

The BICM decoder according to the second embodiment of the presentinvention receives data being outputted from the frame demapper througha first path (SRx_0˜SRx_post) and data being outputted from the framedemapper through a second path (SRx_0+1˜SRx_post+1) and then performsBICM decoding on the received data. Additionally, the BICM decoderaccording to the second embodiment of the present invention mayindependently adopt the MISO method or the MIMO method on the data beinginputted from each path.

More specifically, the BICM decoder of FIG. 25 may include a first BICMdecoding block (185100) receiving MISO PLP data that are to beMISO-decoded through 2 paths (SRx_k, SRx_k+1) and processing thereceived data, a second BICM decoding block (185200) receiving MIMO PLPdata that are to be MIMO-decoded through 2 paths (SRx_m, SRx_m+1) andprocessing the received data, and a third BICM decoding block (185300)receiving signaling data that are to be MISO-decoded through 4 paths(SRx_pre, SRx_pre+1 and SRx_post, SRx_post+1) and processing thereceived data.

Additionally, the third BICM decoding block (185300) may include a firstdecoding block (185400) for processing L1 pre-signaling data and asecond decoding block (185500) for processing L1 post-signaling data.

Furthermore, the BICM decoder according to the second exemplaryembodiment of the present invention may perform inverse processes of theBICM encoder according to the second exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, which is shown in FIG. 16.

Since the BICM decoding blocks according to the second embodiment of thepresent invention perform the same operations as the BICM decodingblocks according to the first embodiment of the present invention,detailed description of the same will be omitted for simplicity.However, the difference between the BICM decoder according to the secondembodiment of the present invention is different from the BICM decoderof the first embodiment of the present invention in that the MISOdecoders (185110,185410,185510) and the MIMO decoder (185210) accordingto the second embodiment of the present invention are located before (orin front of) the time deinterleaver (185120, 185220-1, 185220-2, 015420,185520).

As described above, the PLP data or signaling data in the broadcastsignal transmitter may be processed in symbol units after being mappedto the constellation. Additionally, the broadcast signal receiver mayperform BICM decoding on the received data inverse processes respectiveto the BICM encoding blocks according to the first or second embodimentof the present invention. In this case, the MISO decoder, MIMO decoder,time deinterleaver, and cell deinterleaver of the broadcast signalreceiver may process the received data in symbol units. However, sincethe BICM decoder of the broadcast signal receiver according to thesecond embodiment of the present invention may first perform MISOdecoding or MIMO decoding on each set of data before performing anyother processes, each set of data are outputted in bit units.Thereafter, the BICM decoder of the broadcast signal receiver mayperform time deinterleaving and cell deinterleaving processes. However,information respective to the symbol units of the data, which areoutputted in bit units, is required. Therefore, the broadcast signalreceiver may store information on symbol mapping of the input bitsrequired for the deinterleaving process.

As a result, the first BICM decoding block of FIG. 24 or FIG. 25 outputsthe PLP data, which are processed with MISO decoding, error correction,and so on, to an outer processor, and the second BICM decoding blockoutputs the PLP data, which are processed with MIMO decoding, errorcorrection, and so on, to an output processor. Additionally, the thirdBICM decoding block outputs L1 pre-signaling data and L1 post-signalingdata, which are processed with MISO decoding, error correction, and soon, to an output processor.

Although it is not shown in the drawing, the BICM decoder according tothe third embodiment of the present invention may include a firstdecoding block receiving MISO-decoded MISO PLP data through one path andprocessing the received data, a second decoding block receivingMIMO-decoded MIMO PLP through 2 paths and processing the received data,and a third BICM decoding block receiving MISO-decoded L1 -signalingdata through 2 paths and processing the received data. Additionally, thethird BICM decoding block may include a first decoding block forprocessing L1 pre-signaling data and a second decoding block forprocessing L1 post-signaling data.

The BICM decoding blocks according to the third embodiment of thepresent invention perform the same functions as the BICM decoding blocksaccording to the first exemplary embodiment of the present inventionshown in FIG. 24. However, the difference between the BICM decodingblocks of the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention andthe BICM decoding blocks of the first exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention is that the BICM decoding blocks of the thirdexemplary embodiment of the present invention do not include the MISOdecoder and the MIMO decoder.

Moreover, the BICM encoder according to the fourth exemplary embodimentof the present invention may include a first BICM decoding blockprocessing MISO PLP data through 1 path, a second BICM decoding blockreceiving and processing MIMO PLP data through 2 paths, and a third BICMdecoding block receiving and processing MISO-decoded L1 -signaling datathrough 2 paths.

Additionally, the third BICM decoding block may include a first decodingblock for processing L1 pre-signaling data and a second decoding blockfor processing L1 post-signaling data.

The first BICM decoding and the third decoding block according to thefourth embodiment of the present invention perform the same operationsas the BICM decoding blocks shown in FIG. 24.

However, the second BICM decoding block according to the fourthembodiment of the present invention is different from that of the thirdembodiment of the present invention in that the second BICM decodingblock of the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes an MIMOdecoder. In this case, the transmission characteristic of the MIMO PLPdata, which are inputted to the MIMO decoder through 2 paths, may eitherbe identical or may be different. If a modulation order of the MIMO PLPdata, which are being inputted through 2 paths, is the same, the secondtime deinterleaver, the second cell deinterleaver, and the secondconstellation demapper may not be used. Therefore, after merging the 2sets of MIMO PLP data as a single input and inputting the merged inputto the first time deinterleaver, the processed data may be inputted tothe second MUX after passing through the first cell deinterleaver andthe first constellation mapper. Additionally, the MIMO decoder may belocated in front of the time deinterleaver, as shown in the firstembodiment of the present invention, or the MIMO decoder may be locatedin front of the constellation demapper, as shown in the secondembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 illustrates an exemplary output processor (138300) of thebroadcasting signal receiving apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 26 shows an exemplary embodiment of the output processor (138300)corresponding to a case when 1 output stream is used (or when 1 PLPinput is used), wherein the output processor (138300) performs theinverse processes of the input processor (100100) and the inputpre-processor (100000).

When 1 output stream is used, the output processor may include a BBdescrambler (190100), a padding remover (190200), a CRC-8 decoder(190300), and a BB frame processor (190400).

The BB descramble (190100) descrambles the inputted bit stream. Morespecifically, the BB descrambler (190100) performs an XOR operation ofthe bit stream, which is identically generated as the PRBS processed bythe BB scrambler (110500) shown in FIG. 12, and an input bit stream,thereby performing descrambling. When required, the padding remover(190200) removes the padding bit, which is inserted by the broadcastingsignal transmitting apparatus. The CRC-8 decoder (190300) performs CRCdecoding on the inputted bit stream, and the BB frame processor mayfirst decode the information included in the BB frame header. Then, theCRC-8 decoder (190300) may use the decoded information, so as to recoverthe TS/IP/GS stream and output the recovered stream.

FIG. 27 illustrates an exemplary output processor (138300) of thebroadcasting signal receiving apparatus according to another embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 27 illustrates an example of an output processor (138300) accordingto an embodiment of the present invention corresponding to a case whenmultiple output streams are used, i.e., when multiple PLPs are received.Herein, the output processor shown herein is similar to the inverseprocess of the input processor (100100) of FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 and theinput pre-processor (100000) of FIG. 9. When components configuring aservice are each received by a different PLP, the output processor(138300) of FIG. 27 is adequate for configuring a single service byextracting the components from each PLP.

The output processor include a PLP output processing block forprocessing PLP data and a signaling processing block for processingsignaling data.

The PLP output processing block may include n+1 number of BBdescramblers (193100-0˜n) for processing n number of PLPs, n+1 number ofpadding removers (193200-0˜n), n+1 number of CRC-8 decoders(193300-0˜n), n+1 number of BB frame processors (193400-0˜n), n+1 numberof De-jitter buffers (193500-0˜n), n+1 number of null packet inserters(193600-0˜n), n-m+1 number of in-band signaling decoders (193700-m˜n), aTS clock regenerator (193800), and a TS re-coupler (193900).

If the output stream corresponds to an IP stream or a GSE stream, theCRC-8 decoders (193300-0˜n) and the n+1 number of null packet inserters(193600-0˜n) may be omitted from the block diagram of FIG. 27, or thecorresponding blocks may be bypassed. For example, since the IP packetis buffered to best-fit a time stamp, so as to be reproduced by thereceiver, the transmitter is not required to delay the correspondingdata, and a null packet is not required to be added/deleted.

Since the operations of each of the BB descramblers (193100-0˜n), thepadding removers (193200-0˜n), the CRC-8 decoders (193300-0˜n), and theBB frame processors (193400-0˜n) are identical to the operations of therespective blocks shown in FIG. 26, reference may be made to FIG. 26 forthe detailed description of the corresponding blocks and, therefore,detailed description of the same will be omitted herein. In thedescription of FIG. 27, only the portions that are different from thestructure shown in FIG. 26 will be described herein.

The de-jitter buffers (193500-0˜n) compensates for the delays, which arearbitrarily inserted by the transmitting end for the synchronizationbetween the multiple PLPs, in accordance with a TTO (time to outputparameter).

The null packet inserters (193600-0˜n) may refer to DNP (deleted nullpacket) information, which indicate information on the number of deletednull packets, so as to insert the null packets, which are removed by thetransmitting end, in the respective positions of the corresponding TS.At this point, the TS clock regenerator (193800) may recover detailedtime synchronization of the output packet based upon the ISCR (InputStream Time Reference).

The TS coupler (193900) may also be referred to as a TS merger and, asdescribed above, the TS coupler (193900) may recover the common PLP, anddata PLPs, which are recovered as described above, to the initial TS orIP or GSE stream, and may then output the recovered stream. According tothe present invention, TTO, DNP, ISCR information are all included inthe BB frame header and transmitted. The in-band signaling decoders(193700-m˜n) may recover the in-band signaling information, which isbeing transmitted through the data PLP, and may then output therecovered information.

For example, it will be assumed herein that a service is configured of acommon PLP, a video component PLP, an audio component PLP, and datacomponent PLP through the input pre-processor (100000) the inputprocessor (100100) of the transmitter. Accordingly, the de-jitterbuffers (193500-0˜n) of FIG. 27 may output multiple PLPs to the nullpacket inserters (193600-0˜n), and the null packet inserters(193600-0˜n) may refer to DNP information, so as to insert the nullpackets, which are removed by the transmitting end, in the respectivepositions of the corresponding TS. Accordingly, a common TS, a videocomponent TS, an audio component TS, and a data component TS, eachhaving the null packets inserted therein may be outputted to the TScoupler (193900). When the TS coupler (193900) merges the valid packetsof the common TS, the video component TS, the audio component TS, andthe data component TS, a TS configuring a singled service may beoutputted.

Meanwhile, the signaling output processing block may include two BBdescramblers (194100, 194200) and an L1 signaling decoder (194300).

The BB descrambler (194100) may descramble data corresponding toL1-pre-signaling information and the BB descrambler (194200) maydescramble data corresponding to L1-post-signaling information.Moreover, data corresponding to L1 signaling information may bedescrambled in a single BB descrambler.

The L1 signaling decoder (194300) decodes the descrambledL1-pre-signaling information and L1-post-signaling information, so as torecover the L1 signaling information. The recovered L1 signalinginformation includes L1-pre-signaling information and L1-post-signalinginformation. Additionally, the L1-post-signaling information includesconfigurable L1-post-signaling information and dynamic L1-post-signalinginformation.

The L1 signaling information, which is recovered by the L1 signalingdecoder (194300) may be delivered to the system controller, so as toprovide parameters, which are required by the broadcasting signalreceiver for performing operations, such as BICM (Bit Interleaved Codingand Modulation) decoding, frame demapping, OFDM (Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplex) demodulation, and so on.

FIG. 28 illustrates a block diagram showing a structure of abroadcasting signal receiving apparatus according to yet anotherembodiment of the present invention. Herein, FIG. 28 corresponds to ablock diagram showing the structure of the broadcasting signal receivingapparatus, when the stream type being inputted to the inputpre-processor of the transmitter corresponds to the TS format. In caseof receiving each of the components configuring a single service througha different PLP, the broadcasting signal receiving apparatus of FIG. 28is adequate for extracting the components from each PLP, therebyconfiguring a single service.

In FIG. 28, for the detailed description on the operations of the OFDMdemodulator (210100) and the frame demapper (210200), reference may bemade to the detailed description on the operations of theabove-described OFDM demodulator (138100) and frame demapper (138200),and, therefore, detailed description of the same will be omitted herein.

In FIG. 28, the multiple PLP deinterleaving and demodulator modules(210500), which perform deinterleaving and demodulation on each of themultiple PLPs, perform similar operations as the above-described BICMdecoder (138300). And, multiple BBF decoders and null packetreconstruction modules (210600), which output TS by performing BBF(BaseBand Frame) decoding and null packet reconstruction operations, andthe TS merger (210700) perform operations that are similar to theoperations of the above-described output processor (138400). The L1decoder (210300) corresponds to the above-described L1 signalingdecoder.

In FIG. 28, when a service is selected, the PLP selecting module(210400) controls the frame demapper (210200), so that only the PLP ofthe components configuring the selected service can be outputted fromthe frame demapper (210200). Herein, the service selection may berealized by a user's request, or may be automatically realized in thesystem.

More specifically, the OFDM demodulator (210100) decodes the P1/AP1signaling information, and the L1 decoder (210600) decodes L1/L2signaling information, so as to acquire information on a transmissionframe structure and information on PLP configuration. According to anembodiment of the present invention, the components configuring aservice are received by multiple PLPs. In this case, since PLPinformation or service information on the component structure isincluded in the L1 signaling information, the broadcasting receiver maybe capable of knowing to which PLPs the components, which configure aservice, are included.

Accordingly, when a service is selected, the PLP selecting module(210400) controls the frame demapper (210200), and the frame demapper(210200) outputs multiple sets of PLP data including the correspondingcomponents to the selected service. The multiple sets of PLP data areprocessed with deinterleaving/demodulation processes by thecorresponding deinterleaving and demodulator module. And, after the BBFdecoding/null packet reconstruction processes are processed by the BBFdecoder and null packet reconstruction module, the TS merger (210700)merges the processed data to configure a TS respective to the selectedservice.

For example, it will be assumed herein that a service is configured of acommon PLP, a video component PLP, an audio component PLP, and datacomponent PLP through the input pre-processor (100000) the inputprocessor (100100) of the transmitter. Accordingly, the BBF decoders ofFIG. 28 may output multiple PLPs to the null packet reconstructionmodules, and the null packet reconstruction modules may refer to DNPinformation, so as to insert the null packets, which are removed by thetransmitting end, in the respective positions of the corresponding TS.Accordingly, a common TS, a video component TS, an audio component TS,and a data component TS, each having the null packets inserted thereinmay be outputted to the TS merger (210700). When the TS merger (210700)merges the valid packets of the common TS, the video component TS, theaudio component TS, and the data component TS, a TS configuring asingled service may be outputted.

FIG. 29 illustrates a block diagram showing a structure of thebroadcasting signal receiving apparatus according to yet anotherembodiment of the present invention. Herein, FIG. 29 corresponds to ablock diagram showing the structure of the broadcasting signal receivingapparatus, when a stream type inputted to the input pre-processor of thetransmitter correspond to an IP stream format or a GSE stream format.The broadcasting signal receiving apparatus of FIG. 29 is adequate forconfiguring a service, by extracting components from each PLP, when thecomponents configuring a service are included in each PLP.

The broadcasting signal receiving apparatus of FIG. 29 may include anOFDM demodulator (220100), a frame demapper (220200), an L1 decoder(220300), a PLP selecting module (220400), multiple PLP deinterleavingand demodulator module (220500), multiple BBF decoder (220600), and abuffer unit (220700). The buffer unit (220700) may include a PSI/SI (IPservice information) buffer, a bootstrap buffer, a metadata buffer, anaudio buffer, a video buffer, and a data buffer depending upon the datatype.

For the detailed description on the operations of the OFDM demodulator(220100) and the frame demapper (220200) shown in FIG. 29, reference maybe made to the detailed description on the operations of theabove-described OFDM demodulator (138100) and frame demapper (138200),and, therefore, detailed description of the same will be omitted herein.

The multiple PLP deinterleaving and demodulator module (220500)performing deinterleaving and demodulation on each of the multiple PLPsin FIG. 29 performs operations that are similar to the operations of theabove-described BICM decoder (138300), and the multiple BBF decoders(220600), which perform BBF decoding on each of the multiple PLPs, so asto output an IP stream, also perform operations that are similar to theoperations of the above-described output processor (138400). The L1decoder (220300) corresponds to the above-described L1 signalingdecoder.

In FIG. 29, when a service is selected, the PLP selecting module(220400) controls the frame demapper (220200) so that only the PLPs ofthe components configuring the selected service can be outputted fromthe frame demapper (220200). Herein, the service selection may berealized by a user's request, or may be automatically realized in thesystem.

More specifically, the OFDM demodulator (220100) decodes the P1/AP1signaling information, and the L1 decoder (220600) decodes L1/L2signaling information, so as to acquire information on a transmissionframe structure and information on PLP configuration. According to anembodiment of the present invention, the components configuring aservice are received by multiple PLPs. In this case, since PLPinformation or service information on the component structure isincluded in the L1 signaling information, the broadcasting receiver maybe capable of knowing to which PLPs the components, which configure aservice, are included.

Accordingly, when a service is selected, the PLP selecting module(220400) controls the frame demapper (220200), and the frame demapper(220200) outputs multiple sets of PLP data including the correspondingcomponents to the selected service. The multiple sets of PLP data areprocessed with deinterleaving/demodulation processes by thecorresponding deinterleaving and demodulator module. And, after the BBFdecoding process is processed by the BBF decoder, the processed data areoutputted to the corresponding buffer, among a PSI/SI (IP serviceinformation) buffer, a bootstrap buffer, a metadata buffer, an audiobuffer, a video buffer, and a data buffer of the buffer unit (220700) bya switching process. Then, the PSI/SI (IP service information) buffer,the bootstrap buffer, the metadata buffer, the audio buffer, the videobuffer, and the data buffer may temporarily store PLP data, which areinputted from any one of the multiple BBF decoders (220600), therebyoutputting the stored PLP data. The present invention may furtherinclude a stream merger and a component splitter between the multipleBBF decoders (220600) and the buffer unit (220700).

More specifically, an IP stream of the multiple sets of PLP data, whichare BBF decoded and outputted from the multiple BBF decoders (220600)corresponding to the components of the selected service, after beingprocessed with BBF decoding by the multiple BBF decoders (220600), maybe merged by the stream merger, so as to be outputted as a single IPstream corresponding to the selected service. At this point, the streammerger may refer to an IP address and a UDP port number, so as to mergethe multiple IP streams to a single IP stream corresponding to a singleservice.

The component splitter may divide (or separate) the data included in theIP stream, which is merged to a service and outputted by the streammerger, for each component, and may then output the data for eachcomponent to the buffer unit (220700). The component splitter may useaddress information, such as the IP address and the UDP port number, soas to switch to a buffer corresponding to each component included in thebuffer unit, thereby outputting the data corresponding to eachcomponent. The buffer unit (220700) may buffer the data corresponding toeach component in accordance with the output order of the IP stream.

Meanwhile, according to the embodiment of the present invention, atleast one of the components configuring a service may be divided into abase layer and an enhancement layer and then may be transmitted.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, by encoding videocomponent by using the SVC method, the component may be divided intobase layer data and enhancement layer data. The base layer datacorrespond to data for images having basic picture quality. Herein,although the base layer data are robust against the communicationenvironment, the picture quality of the base layer data is relativelylow. And, the enhancement layer data correspond to additional data forimages having higher picture quality. And, although the enhancementlayer data can provide high picture quality images, the enhancementlayer data are more or less resilient to the communication environment.

In the present invention, video data for terrestrial broadcasting may bedivided into base layer data and enhancement layer data. And, in orderto allow the video data for mobile broadcasting to flexibly respond tothe mobile broadcasting communication environment, the video data formobile broadcasting may be divided into base layer data and enhancementlayer data. The receiver may receive and decode only the base layervideo data, so as to acquire images having basic image quality. And, thereceiver may also receive and decode both the base layer video data andthe enhancement layer video data, so as to acquire images having ahigher picture quality. For example, the mobile receiver, such as amobile phone, a movable TV, and so on, may decode only the base layerdata, so as to provide images having basic picture quality, and afixed-type receiver, such as a general household TV, may decode both thebase layer data and the enhancement layer data, so as to provide imageshaving high picture quality.

At this point, the base layer data and the enhancement layer data may betransmitted through a single PLP, or may be transmitted throughdifferent PLPs.

FIG. 30 illustrates a block diagram showing the process of thebroadcasting signal receiver for receiving a PLP best fitting itspurpose according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 shows an example of receiving a transmission frame, whichincludes a service configured of multiple PLPs, i.e., PLP1 to PLP4.

Herein, it will be assumed that PLP1 transmits SVC encoded base layerdata, that PLP2 transmits SVC encoded enhancement layer data, that PLP3transmits an audio stream, and that PLP4 transmits a data stream.

In the present invention, by adjusting and controlling the physicalparameters in accordance with the characteristics of the data includedin each PLP, the mobile reception performance or data communicationperformance may be differently set up, so that the receiver canselectively receive the required PLPs based upon the characteristics ofreceiver. Hereinafter, a detailed example will be described.

As shown in FIG. 30, since the PLP1 transmitting the base layer datashould be capable of being received by a general fixed-type receiver aswell as a mobile receiver, the broadcasting signal transmittingapparatus may set up physical parameters for ensuring high receptionperformance respective to PLP1 and may then transmit the set upparameters.

Additionally, the PLP2 transmitting the enhancement layer data have alower reception performance as compared to the PLP1. Accordingly, evenif the mobile receiver is incapable of receiving PLP2, in order to allowa fixed-type receiver, which is required to receive high picture qualitybroadcasting programs having high resolution, the broadcasting signaltransmitting apparatus may set up and transmit physical parameters ofPLP2.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 30, the mobile receiver may decode PLP1transmitting a video stream of the base layer, and may decode PLP3 andPLP4 transmitting audio and data streams, so as to provide a servicehaving general (or standard) resolution.

Alternatively, the fixed-type receiver may decode all of PLP1transmitting a video stream of the base layer, PLP2 transmitting a videostream of the enhancement layer, and PLP3 and PLP4 transmitting audioand data streams, so as to provide a service having high picturequality.

However, this is merely exemplary, and, therefore, the mobile receivermay also decode all of PLP1 transmitting a video stream of the baselayer, PLP2 transmitting a video stream of the enhancement layer, PLP3transmitting an audio stream, and PLP4 transmitting a data stream, so asto provide a service having high picture quality.

Meanwhile, according to an embodiment of the present invention, afterperforming SVC decoding on the video data, the broadcasting signaltransmitting apparatus according to the present invention may transmitbase layer data by using a non-MIMO method, and the broadcasting signaltransmitting apparatus may transmit enhancement layer data by using aMIMO method. In the present invention, a broadcasting signaltransmitting system supporting the MIMO method will be referred to as aMIMO transmitting system.

Hereinafter, diverse embodiments of the MIMO transmitting system usingSVC will be described in detail.

FIG. 31 illustrates a MIMO transmission system using an SVC and abroadcast signal transmitting method according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

As shown in FIG. 31, the MIMO transmitting system may include an SVCencoder (244100), which encodes broadcasting data by using the SVCmethod, and a MIMO encoder (244200), which distributes data by using aspatial diversity or spatial multiplexing method, so that the data canbe transmitted to multiple antennae. Hereinafter, the MIMO encoder mayalso be referred to as a MIMO processor.

FIG. 31 shows an exemplary broadcast signal transmitting apparatus,which uses a Hierarchical modulation method.

The SVC encoder (244100) performs SVC encoding on the broadcast data andoutputs the SVC-encoded data as the base layer data and the enhancementlayer data. The base layer data are equally transmitted from a 1^(st)transmission antenna (Tx1; 244300) and a 2^(nd) transmission antenna(Tx2; 244400). And, the enhancement layer data are processed with MIMOencoding by the MIMO encoder (244200), thereby being respectivelyoutputted through the 1^(st) transmission antenna (244300) and the2^(nd) transmission antenna (244400) as identical data or as differentdata. In this case, the constellation mapper of the transmitting systemperform symbol mapping on the corresponding symbol in accordance withthe modulation type, as shown on the left-side drawing. For example, theconstellation mapper may perform layer modulation, so as to map bitscorresponding to the base layer to an MSB (Most Significant Bit) portionof the corresponding symbol, and to map bits corresponds to theenhancement layer to an LSB (Least Significant Bit) portion of thecorresponding symbol.

The receiving system may use a constellation demapper, so as to separatethe base layer data and the enhancement layer data from the demodulatedbit information and to acquire the separated data. The enhancement layerdata may be processed with MIMO decoding, so as to be acquired by usingbit information of a final SVC. In case the bit informationcorresponding to the MIMO cannot be separated, the receiver may use onlythe bit information corresponding to the SISO or the MISO, so as toacquire the base layer data and to provide the respective service.

FIG. 32 illustrates a MIMO transmission system using an SVC and abroadcast signal transmitting method according to another embodiment ofthe present invention.

As shown in FIG. 32, the MIMO transmitting system may include an SVCencoder (245100), which encodes broadcasting data by using the SVCmethod, and a MIMO encoder (245200), which distributes data by using aspatial diversity or spatial multiplexing method, so that the data canbe transmitted to multiple antennae. FIG. 32 illustrates an exemplarytransmitting system using a hybrid modulation method or an FDM(Frequency Division Multiplexing) method.

The SVC encoder (245100) performs SVC encoding on the broadcast data andoutputs the SVC-encoded data as the base layer data and the enhancementlayer data. The base layer data are equally transmitted from a 1^(st)transmission antenna (Tx1; 245300) and a 2^(nd) transmission antenna(Tx2; 245400). And, the enhancement layer data are processed with MIMOencoding by the MIMO encoder (245200), thereby being respectivelyoutputted through the 1^(st) transmission antenna (245300) and the2^(nd) transmission antenna (245400) as identical data or as differentdata.

At this point, in order to enhance data transmission efficiency, theMIMO transmitting system of FIG. 32 may process data by using the FDMmethod. Most particularly, by using the OFDM method, the MIMOtransmitting system may transmit data through multiple subcarriers. Asdescribed above, the transmitting system using the OFDM method mayallocate subcarriers as a subcarrier used for transmitting SISO/MISOsignals and as a subcarrier used for transmitting an MIMO signal,thereby being capable transmitting each signal. The base layer databeing outputted from the SVC encoder (245100) may be equally transmittedfrom multiple antennae through the SISO/MISO carrier, and theenhancement layer data being processed with MIMO encoding may betransmitted from multiple antennae through the MIMO carrier.

The receiving system receives an OFDM symbol. Then, the receiving systemperforms SISO/MISO decoding on the data corresponding to the SISO/MISOcarrier, so as to acquire the base layer data. And, the receiving systemperforms MIMO decoding on the data corresponding to the MIMO carrier, soas to acquire the enhancement layer data. Thereafter, based upon thechannel status and the receiving system, when the MIMO decoding processcannot be performed, the decoding process may be performed by using onlythe base layer data. Alternatively, when the MIMO decoding process canbe performed, the decoding process may be performed by using both thebase layer data and the enhancement layer data. Thus, a correspondingservice may be provided. In case of the second embodiment of the presentinvention, since the MIMO processing may be performed after mapping thebit information of the service to a symbol, the MIMO encoder (245200)may be positioned after the constellation mapper. Accordingly, thestructure of the receiving system may be more simplified as compared tothe structure of the receiving system shown in FIG. 31.

FIG. 33 illustrates a MIMO transmission system using an SVC and abroadcast signal transmitting method according to yet another embodimentof the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 33, the MIMO transmitting system may include an SVCencoder (246100), which encodes broadcasting data by using the SVCmethod, and a MIMO encoder (246200), which distributes data by using aspatial diversity or spatial multiplexing method, so that the data canbe transmitted to multiple antennae. FIG. 33 illustrates an exemplarytransmitting system using a layer PLP method or a TDM method.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 33, the transmitting system mayrespectively transmit SVC-encoded base layer data and SVC-encodedenhancement layer data through an SISO/MISO slot and a MIMO slot. Thisslot may correspond to a time unit slot or a frequency unit slot of thetransmission signal. And, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 33, the slotis illustrated as a time unit slot. Furthermore, this slot may alsocorrespond to a PLP.

The receiving system may determine the slot type of the slot that isbeing received. And, the receiving system may receive base layer datafrom the SISO/MISO slot, and the receiving system may receiveenhancement layer data from the MIMO slot. And, as described above,based upon the channel and the receiving system, when the MIMO decodingprocess cannot be performed, the decoding process may be performed byusing only the base layer data. Alternatively, when the MIMO decodingprocess can be performed, the decoding process may be performed by usingboth the base layer data and the enhancement layer data. Thus, acorresponding service may be provided.

In the present invention, the base layer data and the enhancement layerdata may be transmitted by using one PLP. And, each of the base layerdata and the enhancement layer data may be respectively transmitted byusing different PLPs.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the base layer datamay be transmitted through a T2 frame (i.e., a terrestrial broadcastingframe), and the enhancement layer data may be transmitted through an FEFpart.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the base layerdata and the enhancement layer data may only be transmitted through theFEF part.

In the description of the present invention, the FEF part, whichtransmits the base layer data and the enhancement layer data, will bereferred to as a MIMO broadcasting frame for simplicity. Herein, theMIMO broadcasting frame will be used in combination with a signal frameor a transmission frame.

Also, in the description of the present invention, the base layer dataand the enhancement layer data will be collectively referred to as MIMObroadcasting data for simplicity.

Hereinafter, in the following description of the present invention, theMIMO broadcasting data may be generated by any one of the 1^(st) methodto 3^(rd) method, which will be described as presented below, therebybeing transmitted. Alternatively, the MIMO broadcasting data may also begenerated and transmitted by a combination of at least one or more ofthe 1^(St) method to 3^(rd) method described below.

(1) Method for Transmitting MIMO Broadcasting Data to a Specific PLP

In the present invention, a method for including MIMO broadcasting datato a specific PLP and transmitting the specific PLP, afterdifferentiating the specific PLP from a PLP including the terrestrialbroadcasting (e.g., T2 broadcasting) data may be used. In this case, thespecific PLP may be used in order to transmit the MMO broadcasting data.And, at this point, additional information on the specific PLP may besignaled, so as to prevent any malfunction in the conventional receivingsystem from occurring. Hereinafter, the specific PLP including the MMObroadcasting data may be referred to as a MIMO broadcasting PLP, and thePLP including the terrestrial broadcasting data may be referred to as aterrestrial broadcasting PLP.

Since the conventional terrestrial broadcasting signal receivingapparatus may not be capable of processing the MIMO broadcasting data,additional information for identifying the terrestrial broadcasting PLPand the MIMO broadcasting PLP is required to be signaled. At this point,the signaling of the information for identifying the PLP type may use areserved field included in the L1 signaling information. For example, inorder to identify the PLP type, a PLP_TYPE field of theL1-post-signaling information may be used. At this point, the MIMObroadcasting PLP may be indicated by using any one of the values rangingfrom 011˜111 as the PLP_TYPE field value.

When transmitting the PLP, in order to acquire a more enhancedrobustness, a new modulation method and a new coding rate of the errorcorrection code may be used. In this case, in order to identify suchmodulation method and coding rate of the error correction code, theL1-post-signaling information may be used. According to an embodiment ofthe present invention, the present invention may use a PLP_COD field ofthe L1-post-signaling information in order to indicate the coding rateof the MIMO broadcasting PLP. For example, in order to identify thecoding rate of the MIMO broadcasting PLP, any one of 110 or 111 may beused as the PLP_COD field value.

Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, thepresent invention may use a PLP_MOD field of the L1-post-signalinginformation in order to indicate a modulation method of the MIMObroadcasting PLP. For example, in order to identify the modulationmethod of the MIMO broadcasting PLP, any one of values 100 to 111 may beused as the PLP_MOD field value.

At this point, the base layer data and the enhancement layer dataconfiguring the MIMO broadcasting data may be collectively transmittedto a single PLP, or may be separately transmitted to each PLP. Forexample, when the base layer data are transmitted to the PLP of the baselayer, and when the enhancement layer data are transmitted to the PLP ofthe enhancement layer, the receiving apparatus may use a PLP_PROFILEfield, so as to indicate whether the current PLP corresponds to the baselayer PLP or to the enhancement layer PLP.

(2) Method for Transmitting MIMO Broadcasting Data to a Specific Frames

In the present invention, a method for including MIMO broadcasting datato a specific frame and transmitting the specific frame, afterdifferentiating the specific frame from a frame including theconventional terrestrial broadcasting data may be used. In this case,the specific frame may be used in order to transmit the MMO broadcastingdata. And, at this point, additional information on the specific framemay be signaled, so as to prevent any malfunction in the conventionalreceiving system from occurring. Hereinafter, the specific frameincluding the MMO broadcasting data may be referred to as a MIMObroadcasting frame, and the frame including the terrestrial broadcastingdata may be referred to as a terrestrial broadcasting frame.Additionally, in case the specific frame including the MIMO broadcastingframe corresponds to an FEF, the FEF may be referred to as an MIMObroadcasting frame.

The present invention may differentiate the terrestrial broadcastingdata from the MIMO broadcasting data in frame units and may transmit thedifferentiated data accordingly. And, at this point, by identifying aframe by using the L1 signaling information, and by ignoring (ordisregarding) the MIMO broadcasting frame, the convention terrestrialbroadcasting receiving apparatus may be prevented from malfunctioning.

(3) Method for Transmitting a MIMO Broadcasting PLP to a TerrestrialBroadcasting Frame and a MIMO Broadcasting Frame

The present invention may transmit a PLP including the MIMO broadcastingdata through a terrestrial broadcasting frame and a MIMO broadcastingframe. For example, the base layer data may be transmitted through theterrestrial broadcasting frame, and the enhancement layer data may betransmitted through the MIMO broadcasting frame. In this case, unlikethe above-described embodiments of the present invention, since a MIMObroadcasting PLP also exists in the terrestrial broadcasting frame, arelation between interconnected PLPs existing in the terrestrialbroadcasting frame and in the MIMO broadcasting frame, is required to besignaled. In order to do so, the L1 signaling information should also beincluded in the MIMO broadcasting frame, and the information on the MIMObroadcasting PLP, which exists within the frame, may be transmittedalong with the L1 signaling information of the terrestrial broadcastingframe.

Fields respective to the PLP being included in the L1-post-signalinginformation of each frame may be used for the connection between theMIMO broadcasting PLPs existing in different frames. For example, thereceiving system may use at least one of a PLP_ID field, a PLP_TYPEfield, a PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE field, and a PLP_GROUP_ID field, which areincluded in the L1 -post-signaling information, so as to verify theinterconnection relation of the MIMO broadcasting PLPs included indifferent frames. Then, desired MIMO broadcasting PLPs may beconsecutively decoded, so as to acquire a service.

The terrestrial broadcasting PLP existing in the conventionalterrestrial broadcasting frame (i.e., T2frame) may be pre-defined by theterrestrial broadcasting system, so as to be transmitted to a supportedtransmission mode. Also, as described above, the terrestrialbroadcasting PLP may be transmitted in a new transmission modesupporting the MIMO system. For example, as described above, a MIMObroadcasting PLP being included in the terrestrial broadcasting framemay be transmitted in a transmission mode of terrestrial broadcasting asa base layer by using the MISO or SISO method, and a MIMO broadcastingPLP being included in the MIMO broadcasting frame may be transmitted asan enhancement layer by using the MIMO method.

FIG. 34(a) illustrates an exemplary super frame structure according toanother embodiment of the present invention. Herein, FIG. 34(a) shows anexample of transmitting a base layer PLP through a terrestrialbroadcasting frame and transmitting an enhancement layer PLP through aMIMO broadcasting frame (i.e., FEF part). At this point, a PLP includingbase layer data may be transmitted by using an SISO method or a MISOmethod. And, a PLP including enhancement layer data may be transmittedby using an SISO method, a MISO method, or a MIMO method.

FIG. 34(b) illustrates an exemplary super frame structure according toyet another embodiment of the present invention. Herein, FIG. 34(b)shows an example of transmitting both a base layer PLP and anenhancement layer PLP through a MIMO broadcasting frame (i.e., FEFpart).

At this point, a base layer PLP including base layer data may betransmitted by using an SISO method or a MISO method. And, anenhancement layer PLP including enhancement layer data may betransmitted by using an SISO method, a MISO method, or a MIMO method. Asdescribed above, the ratio between the base layer PLP and theenhancement layer PLP within the MIMO broadcasting frame may vary withina range of 0˜100%.

FIG. 34(c) illustrates an exemplary super frame structure according toyet another embodiment of the present invention. Herein, FIG. 34(c)shows an example of transmitting both base layer data and enhancementlayer data through a MIMO broadcasting frame (i.e., FEF part). However,unlike in the example shown in FIG. 34(b), in the example shown in FIG.34(c), the base layer and the enhancement layer are transmitted by beingdifferentiated as carriers, instead of being differentiated as PLPs.More specifically, the data corresponding to the base layer and the datacorresponding to the enhancement layer may respectively be allocated toeach separate subcarrier, so as to be processed with OFDM modulation,thereby being transmitted.

Hereinafter, a signaling method of the signaling method according to thepresent invention will be described in detail. The signal frameaccording to the present invention may be divided into a preamble regionand a data region, and the preamble region may be configured of a P1symbol and one or more P2 symbols, and the data region may be configuredof multiple data symbols. At this point, the preamble region may furtherinclude an AP1 symbol after the P1 symbol. And, in this case, the P1symbol and the AP1 symbol may be consecutively transmitted.

Herein, the P1 symbol transmits P1 signaling information, the AP1 symboltransmits AP1 signaling information, and the one or more P2 symbol eachtransmits L1 signaling information and signaling information included inthe common PLP (i.e., L2 signaling information). The signalinginformation being included in the common PLP may be transmitted througha data symbol. Therefore, in light of a signal frame over a physicallayer, the preamble region may include a P1 signaling information regionto which the P1 signaling information is signaled, an L1 signalinginformation region to which the L1 signaling information is signaled,and an entire portion or a partial portion of a common PLP region towhich the L2 signaling information is signaled. Herein, the common PLPregion may also be referred to as an L2 signaling information region. Ifa signal frame includes an AP1 symbol, the preamble region includes theP1 signaling information region, the AP1 signaling information region,the L1 signaling information region, and an entire portion or a partialportion of the common PLP region.

The L1 signaling information includes L1 -pre-signaling information andL1-post-signaling information. The L1-post-signaling information thenincludes Configurable L1-post-signaling information, Dynamic L1-post-signaling information, Extension L1-post-signaling information,and CRC information, and may further include L1 padding data.

FIG. 35 illustrates an exemplary syntax structure of P1 signalinginformation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, in FIG. 35, the P1signaling information is assigned with 7 bits and includes a 3-bit S1field and a 4-bit S2 field. In the S2 field, among the 4 bits, the first3 bits are described as S2 field1 and the 1 bit is described as S2field2.

The S1 field signals a preamble format. For example, when the S1 fieldvalue is equal to 000, this indicates that the preamble corresponds to aT2 preamble, and that data are transmitted in an SISO format (T2_SIS0).When the S1 field value is equal to 001, this indicates that thepreamble corresponds to a T2 preamble, and that data are transmitted inan MISO format (T2_MISO). When the S1 field value is equal to 010, thisindicates that the preamble corresponds to a non-T2 preamble.

The S2 field signals FFT size information. According to the embodimentof the present invention, the FFT size may correspond to 1 k, 2 k, 4 k,8 k, 16 k, and the GI size may correspond to 1/128, 1/32, 1/16, 19/256,⅛, 19/128, ¼. The FFT size signifies a number of subcarriers configuringa single OFDM symbol. When the S2 field2 value is equal to 0, thisindicates that, in the current transmission, all preambles are beingtransmitted as the same type, and when the field value is equal to 1,this indicates that the preambles are each transmitted as differenttypes.

FIG. 36 illustrates an exemplary syntax structure of AP1 signalinginformation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, in FIG. 36, theAP1 signaling information is assigned with 7 bits and includes a 4-bitPILOT_PATTERN field and a 3-bit L1_PRE_SPREAD_LENGTH field.

The PILOT_PATTERN field indicates a pilot pattern of the correspondingsignal frame. In the present invention, by transmitting pilot patterninformation through the AP1 symbol, even when the P2 symbol is nottransmitted, and even when the L1 signaling information is spread todata symbols of the data region, the receiver may be aware of the pilotpattern prior to decoding the L1 signaling information of the dataregion.

The L1_PRE_SPREAD_LENGTH field indicates a length of a section withinthe data region in which the L1-pre-signaling information is spread.More specifically, among the data symbols of the signal frame, thisfield indicates a number of data symbols included in a section to whichthe L1-pre-signaling information is being spread. In the presentinvention, the section to which the L1-pre-signaling information isbeing spread will be referred to as an L1 pre spread section. If theL1_PRE_SPREAD_LENGTH field value is equal to ‘000’, this indicates thatthe L1 signaling information is not spread in the data region of thecorresponding signal frame.

In FIG. 36, since the fields included in the AP1 signaling informationand significance of the values of each field are merely examples givento facilitate the understanding of the present invention, and since thefields that can be included in the AP1 signaling information and thesignificance of the respective field values may be easily modified byanyone skilled in the art, the present invention will not be limitedonly to the examples given herein.

FIG. 37 illustrates an exemplary syntax structure of L1-pre-signalinginformation according to an embodiment of the present invention. TheL1-pre-signaling information includes information required for decodingthe L1 -post-signaling information.

The fields being included in the L1-pre-signaling information of FIG. 37will hereinafter be described in detail.

A TYPE field may be assigned with 8 bits and may indicate the type of aninput stream being transmitted in a super frame. More specifically, theinput stream may correspond to TS, GS, TS+GS, IP, and so on, and suchidentification may use the TYPE field.

A BWT_EXT field is assigned with 1 bit and may indicate whether or not abandwidth extension of an OFDM symbol is to be performed.

An S1 field is assigned with 3 bits and performs the same role as the S1field included in the P1 signaling information of FIG. 35. An S2 fieldis assigned with 4 bits and performs the same role as the S2 fieldincluded in the P1 signaling information of FIG. 35. According to theembodiment of the present invention, an L1_REPETITION_FLAG field isassigned with 1 bit and may indicate whether or not L1-post-signalinginformation related to the current frame is signaled to the P2 symbol.If the L1 signaling information of the next signal frame is configuredto have a structure to which the data symbols of the current signalframe are spread, the L1_REPETITION_FLAG field may also be used in orderto indicate whether or not the L1 signaling information of the nextsignal frame has been spread to the current signal frame. For example,when the L1_REPETITION_FLAG field is equal to 1, this indicates that theL1 signaling information has been spread to the current signal frame,and when the corresponding field is equal to 0, this indicates that theL1 signaling information has not been spread to the current signalframe.

A GUARD_INTERVAL field is assigned with 3 bits and indicates a GI sizeof the current transmission frame. The GI size indicates an occupationratio of the GI within a single OFDM symbol. Accordingly, the OFDMsymbol length may vary depending upon the FFT size and the GI size.

A PAPR field is assigned with 4 bits and indicates a PAPR reductionmethod. The PAPR method used in the present invention may correspond toan ACE method or a TR method.

An L1_MOD field is assigned with 4 bits and may indicate a QAMmodulation type of the L1-post-signaling information.

An L1_COD field is assigned with 2 bits and may indicate a code rate ofthe L1-post-signaling information.

An L1_FEC_TYPE field is assigned with 2 bits and may indicate an FECtype of the L1-post-signaling information.

An L1_POST_SIZE field is assigned with 18 bits and may indicate the sizeof the coded and modulated L1 -post-signaling information.

An L1_POST_INFO_SIZE field is assigned with 18 bits and may indicate thesize of the L1-post-signaling information in bit units.

A PILOT_PATTERN field is assigned with 4 bits and may indicate adistributed pilot pattern that is inserted in the current signal frame.

A TX_ID_AVAILABILITY field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate atransmitting apparatus identification capability within the currentgeographical cell range.

A CELL_ID field is assigned with 16 bits and may indicate an identifieridentifying a geographical cell within a network for mobile broadcasting(NGH).

A NETWORK_ID field is assigned with 16 bits and may indicate anidentifier identifying the current network.

A SYSTEM_ID field is assigned with 16 bits and may indicate anidentifier identifying the system.

A NUM_NGH_FRAMES field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate a numberof NGH frame within the current super frame.

A NUM_T2_FRAMES field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate a numberof T2 frame within the current super frame. This field is useful fordetermining the super frame structure and may be used for calculatingthe information for directly hopping to the next NGH frame.

A L1_POST_SPREAD_LENGTH field is assigned with 12 bits and may indicatethe length of a section within the data region to which theL1-post-signaling information is being spread. More specifically, amongthe data symbols of the signal frame, this field may indicate the numberof data symbols being included in the section to which theL1-post-signaling information is being spread. In the present invention,the section to which the L1-post-signaling information is being spreadwill be referred to as an L1 post spread section. If all of theL1_POST_SPREAD_LENGTH field value is equal to 0, this signifies that theL1-post-signaling information is not spread to the data region of thecorresponding signal frame.

A NUM_DATA_SYMBOLS field is assigned with 12 bits and may indicate anumber of data symbols included in the current signal frame, with theexception for the P1, AP1, P2 symbols.

A NUM_MISO_SYMBOLS field is assigned with 12 bits and may indicate anumber of MISO symbols among the diverse data symbols.

A MIMO_SYMBOL_INTERVAL field is assigned with 12 bits and may indicate anumber of MISO symbols between two MIMO symbol parts.

A MIMO_SYMBOL_LENGTH field is assigned with 12 bits and may indicate anumber of MIMO symbols in one MIMO symbol part.

A REGEN_FLAG field is assigned with 3 bits and may indicate and mayindicate a number of signal regeneration performed by the repeater.

An L1_POST_EXTENSION field is assigned with 1 bit and may indicatewhether or not an extension field exits in the L1-post-signalinginformation.

A NUM_RF field is assigned with 3 bits and may indicate a number of RFswithin the current system.

A CURRENT_RF_IDX field is assigned with 3 bits and may indicate an indexof the current RF channel.

A RESERVED field is assigned with 10 bits and corresponds to a fieldthat is reserved for future usage.

A CRC-32 field is assigned with 32 bits and may indicate a CRC errorextraction code of the 32 bits.

In FIG. 37, since the fields included in the L1-pre-signalinginformation and significance of the values of each field are merelyexamples given to facilitate the understanding of the present invention,and since the fields that can be included in the L1-pre-signalinginformation and the significance of the respective field values may beeasily modified by anyone skilled in the art, the present invention willnot be limited only to the examples given herein.

FIG. 38 illustrates an exemplary syntax structure of configurableL1-post-signaling information according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. The configurable L1-post-signaling information may includeparameters required by the receiver for decoding a PLP and, moreparticularly, configurable L1-post-signaling information may includediverse information that can be equally applied during a signal frame.

The fields being included in the configurable L1-post-signalinginformation of FIG. 38 will hereinafter be described in detail.

A SUB_SLICES_PER_FRAME field is assigned with 15 bits and may indicate anumber of sub-slices included in a signal frame.

A NUM_PLP field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate a number ofPLPs within the current super frame.

A NUM_AUX field is assigned with 4 bits and may indicate a number ofauxiliary streams.

An AUX_CONFIG_RFU field is assigned with 8 bits and corresponds to aregion reserved for a future usage.

Subsequently, a for loop (hereinafter referred to as a frequency loop),which is repeated as many times as the number of RFs within the currentsystem, is signaled. The NUM_RF field is signaled to theL1-pre-signaling information.

Hereinafter, fields being included in the frequency loop will bedescribed in detail.

An RF_IDX field is assigned with 3 bits and may indicate an index ofeach frequency within an RF channel.

A FREQUENCY field is assigned with 32 bits and may indicate a centerfrequency of the RF channel.

An FEF_TYPE field, an FEF_LENGTH field, and an FEF_INTERVAL field, whichare shown below, correspond to fields that are used only when the LSB ofthe S2 field is equal to 1, i.e., when the S2 field is expressed asS2=‘xxx1’.

The FEF_TYPE field is assigned with 4 bits and may indicate an FEF(Future extension frame) type.

The FEF_LENGTH field is assigned with 22 bits and may indicate a numberof elementary periods of a related FEF part.

The FEF_INTERVAL field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate a numberof T2 frames existing between two FRF parts.

A NEXT_NGH_SUPERFRAME field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate anumber of super frames existing between the current super frame and thenext super frame, which includes the next NGH frame.

A RESERVED_2 field is assigned with 32 bits and corresponds to a fieldthat is reserved for a future usage.

Subsequently, a for loop (hereinafter referred to as an auxiliary streamloop), which is repeated as many times as the number of auxiliarystreams (NUM_AUX field value-1), is signaled, a 32-bit AUX_RFU field,which is reserved for a future usage, is included herein.

Subsequently, a for loop (hereinafter referred to as a PLP loop), whichis repeated as many times as the number of PLPs within the current superframe (NUM_PLP field value-1), is signaled.

Hereinafter, fields being included in the PLP loop will be described indetail.

A PLP_ID field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate an identifieridentifying the corresponding PLP.

A PLP_TYPE field is assigned with 3 bits and may indicate whether thecorresponding PLP corresponds to a common PLP, a Type1 data PLP, or aType2 data PLP. Additionally, the PLP_TYPE field may indicate whetherthe corresponding PLP corresponds to a PLP being included in a pluralityof PLP groups, or to a group PLP being included in a single PLP group.

A PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE field is assigned with 5 bits and may indicate thetype of a PLP payload. More specifically, the data included in thepayload of the PLP may correspond to GFPS, GCS, GSE, TS, IP, and so on,and such identification may use the PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE field.

The PLP_PROFILE field is assigned with 2 bits and may indicate a profileof the corresponding PLP. More specifically, this field indicateswhether the corresponding field is a mandatory (or required) PLP or anoptional (or selective) PLP. For example, when the PLP of the video datais identified as a PLP for transmitting a base layer and a PLP fortransmitting an enhancement layer, the PLP transmitting the base layerbecomes the mandatory PLP, and the PLP transmitting the enhancementlayer becomes the optional PLP. Additionally, the common PLP correspondsto a mandatory PLP. More specifically, depending upon the receivercharacteristic, such as a mobile receiver, a fixed-type receiver, and soon, the receiver may use the PLP_PROFILE field so as to verify by whichreceiver the component of the broadcast service being transmitted to thecurrent PLP may be used, and depending upon the receiver characteristic,the receiver may determine whether or not to receive the current PLP.

An FF_FLAG field is assigned with 1 bit and, when 2 or more RF channelsare being used, this field may indicate a fixed frequency mode.

A FIRST_RF_IDX field is assigned with 3 bits and may indicate an RFindex of a first signal frame of the corresponding PLP.

A FIRST_FRAME_IDX field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate a frameindex of the first signal frame of the corresponding PLP.

A PLP_GROUP_ID field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate anidentifier identifying a PLP group related to the corresponding PLP.

A PLP_COD field is assigned with 3 bits and may indicate the code rateof the corresponding PLP. In the present invention, any one of the coderates of 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6 may be used in thecorresponding PLP.

A PLP_MOD field is assigned with 3 bits and may indicate a constellationsize (i.e., modulation format) of the corresponding PLP. In the presentinvention, any one of the modulation formats (or modulations types) ofBPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM may be used.

A PLP_MIMO_TYPE field is assigned with 2 bits and may indicate whetherthe corresponding PLP corresponds to a MIMO type or a MISO type.

For example, a PLP_MOD field value, i.e., the constellation size may bedecided by a combination with the PLP_MIMO_TYPE field. If thePLP_MIMO_TYPE field value indicates the MISO, the PLP_MOD field may beused for symbol re-mapping. If the PLP_MIMO_TYPE field value indicatesthe MIMO, after performing MIMO processing, the PLP_MOD field may beinterpreted as a constellation size having a spectrum effect, as aresult of the MIMO processing.

A PLP_ROTATION field is assigned with 1 bit and may indicate whether ornot constellation rotation and re-mapping of the PLP has been used.

A PLP_FEC_TYPE field is assigned with 2 bits and may indicate an FECtype of the corresponding PLP.

A PLP_NUM_BLOCKS_MAX field is assigned with 10 bits and may indicate amaximum number of PLPs included in the FEC blocks.

A FRAME_INTERVAL field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate a T2frame interval within a super frame, when inter-frame interleaving isapplied.

A TIME_IL_LENGTH field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate a timeinterleaver length (or depth).

A TIME_IL_TYPE field is assigned with 1 bit and may indicate the timeinterleaver type.

An IN_BAND_FLAG field is assigned with 1 bit and may indicate whether ornot in-band signaling exists.

A RESERVED_1 field is assigned with 16 bits and corresponds to a fieldthat is reserved in the PLP loop for a future usage.

The PLP loop may further include a PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field. ThePLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate thetype of data (or service component) being transmitted through thecorresponding PLP. Therefore, based upon the PLP_COMPONENT_TYPE field,the receiver may be capable of determining whether the type of thecomponent being transmitted through the corresponding PLP corresponds tobase layer video component, an enhancement layer video component, anaudio component, or a data component.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the PLP group mayalso be referred to as an LLP (Link-Layer-Pipe), and the PLP_GROUP_IDfield may also be referred to as an LLP_ID field. Most particularly, anNIT, which is to be described later on, includes a PLP_GROUP_ID field,which is identical to the PLP_GROUP_ID field included in the L1signaling information. And, the NIT may also include atransport_stream_id field for identifying a transmission stream relatedto the PLP group. Therefore, by using the NIT, the receiver may becapable of knowing to which PLP group a specific stream is related. Morespecifically, in order to simultaneously decode streams (e.g., TSs)being transmitted through PLPs having the same PLP_GROUP_ID, the streamsthat are indicated by the transport_stream_id field of the NIT may bemerged, thereby being capable of recovering a single service stream.

Therefore, when the broadcasting signal is being transmitted in a TSformat, the receiver may merge the PLPs having the same PLP_GROUP_IDfield, so as to recover the initial (or original) TS.

If the broadcasting signal is transmitted in an IP format, the receivermay use the PLP_GROUP_ID field, so as to locate and find the servicecomponents related to a single service. And, by merging such servicecomponents, a single service may be recovered. Accordingly, the receivershould be capable of simultaneously receiving PLPs having the samePLP_GROUP_ID.

In FIG. 38, since the fields included in the configurableL1-post-signaling information and significance of the values of eachfield are merely examples given to facilitate the understanding of thepresent invention, and since the fields that can be included in theconfigurable L1 -post-signaling information and the significance of therespective field values may be easily modified by anyone skilled in theart, the present invention will not be limited only to the examplesgiven herein.

FIG. 39 illustrates an exemplary syntax structure of dynamicL1-post-signaling information according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. The dynamic L1-post-signaling information may includeparameters required by the receiver for decoding a PLP and, moreparticularly, the dynamic L1-post-signaling information may includecharacteristic information corresponding to a signal frame that iscurrently being transmitted. Additionally, the dynamic L1-post-signalinginformation may also be signaled to an in-band, so that that thereceiver can efficiently process slicing.

The fields being included in the dynamic L1-post-signaling informationof FIG. 39 will hereinafter be described in detail.

A FRAME_IDX field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate an index of acurrent signal frame within the super frame. For example, an index ofthe first signal frame within the super frame may be set to 0.

A SUB_SLICE_INTERVAL field is assigned with 22 bits and may indicate anumber of OFDM cell existing between two sub-slices within the same PLP.

A TYPE_2_START field is assigned with 22 bits and may indicate astarting position among the OFDM cells of the Type2 data PLPs.

An L1_CHANGE_COUNTER field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate anumber of super frame that remain before the L1 configuration (e.g.,contents of the fields included in the L1 pre signaling or content of aconfigurable part in the L1 post signaling).

A START_RF_IDX field is assigned with 3 bits and may indicate a start RFindex of a next signal frame.

A RESERVED_1 field is assigned with 8 bits and corresponds to a fieldthat is reserved for a future usage.

A NEXT_NGH_FRAME field is assigned with 8 bits and corresponds to afield that is used only when the LSB of the S2 field is equal to 1,i.e., when the S2 field is expressed as S2=‘xxx1’. A NEXT_NGH_SUPERFRAMEfield indicates a number of T2 or FEF frames existing between the firstT2frame within the next super frame, which includes an NGH frame, andthe next NGH frame. The NEXT_NGH_FRAME field and the NEXT_NGH_SUPERFRAMEfield may be used by the receiver for calculating a hopping amount forhopping to the next NGH frame. More specifically, the NEXT_NGH_FRAMEfield and the NEXT_NGH_SUPERFRAME field provide an efficient hoppingmechanism, when a large number of T2 frames are mixed with the FEF, andwhen not all of the FEFs are used only for the NGH frames. Mostparticularly, the receiver may perform hopping to the next NGH framewithout having to detect the P1 signaling information of all signalframes existing in the super frame and to decode the detected P1signaling information.

Subsequently, a for loop (hereinafter referred to as a PLP loop), whichis repeated as many times as the number of PLPs existing within thecurrent super frame (NUM_PLP field value-1), is signaled.

A PLP_ID field, a PLP_START field, and a PLP_NUM_BLOCKS field areincluded in the PLP loop. And, the corresponding field will hereinafterbe described in detail.

The PLP_ID field is assigned with 8 bits and may indicate an identifieridentifying a PLP.

The PLP_START field is assigned with 22 bits and may indicate a startingposition of OFDM cells of the current PLP.

The PLP_NUM_BLOCKS field is assigned with 10 bits and may indicate anumber of FEC blocks related to the current PLP.

A RESERVED_2 field is assigned with 8 bits and corresponds to a fieldincluded in the PLP loop that is reserved for a future usage.

A RESERVED_3 field is assigned with 8 bits and corresponds to a fieldthat is reserved for a future usage.

Field included in an auxiliary stream loop will hereinafter bedescribed.

Subsequently, a for loop (hereinafter referred to as an auxiliary streamloop), which is repeated as many times as the number of auxiliarystreams (NUM_AUX field value-1), is signaled, and a 48-bit AUX_RFU fieldis included herein for a future usage.

In FIG. 39, since the fields included in the dynamic L1-post-signalinginformation and significance of the values of each field are merelyexamples given to facilitate the understanding of the present invention,and since the fields that can be included in the dynamicL1-post-signaling information and the significance of the respectivefield values may be easily modified by anyone skilled in the art, thepresent invention will not be limited only to the examples given herein.

Meanwhile, the present invention proposes a method for reducing anoverhead of a data packet, when IP based data are transmitted based.According to the embodiment of the present invention, by compressing andtransmitting the header of a data packet, the present invention mayreduce the overhead of a data packet. Additionally, according to theembodiment of the present invention, whether or not compression is beingapplied to the header of the data packet may be signaled to at least oneof the L1 signaling information and the L2 signaling information.Furthermore, according to the embodiment of the present invention, whenthe data packet header is compressed, the compression information of thedata packet header, which is required by the receiver for performingdecompression on the header of the compressed data packet, is signaledto at least one of L1 signaling information and L2 signalinginformation.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, among the headercompression methods, the header of a data packet is compressed by usinga RoHC (Robust Header Compression) method. The RoHC method is merely anexample given to facilitate the understanding of the present invention.And, therefore, any other method for compressing a header may be appliedherein.

Most particularly, according to the embodiment of the present invention,among the compressed data packet header information, a portion of thecorresponding information may be transmitted to a common PLP.

In the present invention, a data packet is largely configured of aheader and a payload. Herein, the header includes information requiredfor transmitting the data packet (e.g., transmitter information,receiver information, port number, data size, error correction code, andso on), and the payload include data that are to be actuallytransmitted. At this point, depending upon the type of data beingtransmitted to the payload, and a protocol being used for packetization,the header of the data packet may be configured of an IP header or an IPheader and a UDP header, and the header of the data packet may also beconfigured of an IP header, a UDP (or TCP) header, and an RTP header.

For example, if a UDP packet is packetized in accordance with an IPmethod, after the data being transmitted to the payload (e.g., A/V data)have been packetized by using the RTP method, and after the RTP packethas been packetized once again by using the UDP method, the data packetis configured of an IP header, a UDP header, an RTP header, and apayload. However, this is merely an example, and other types of headerconfigurations may be applied to the present invention. In thedescription of the present invention, the data packet may also bereferred to as an IP packet.

FIG. 40 illustrates an IP header configuring a header of a data packetaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

The IP header includes an IP version field indicating an IP protocolversion, such as IPv4, IPv6, and so on, an Internet Header Length (IHL)field indicating the length of an IP header, a TOS (Type of Service)field indicating priority information respective to the service type, aTotal Length field indicating a total length of the corresponding datapacket, a packet identifier (Identification) field, an IP fragment flags(IP Flags) field indicating information on data segments (or fragments)of an IP layer, a Fragment Offset field indicating a relative positionof the segmented (or divided) packets, a TTL (Time to Live) fieldindicating time information up to when the data are deleted, a higherlayer Protocol field indicating a protocol (TCP, UDP, and so on) that isused in the higher layer, a Header Checksum field checking for an errorin the header, a source IP address field indicating an IP address of asource device, and a destination (or target) IP address field indicatingan IP address of a destination (or target) device.

FIG. 41 illustrates an UDP header configuring a header of a data packetaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

The UDP header includes a source port number field indicating a portnumber of a source device, a destination (or target) port number fieldindicates a port number of a destination (or target) device, a fieldlength indicating a total length of the corresponding data field, and achecksum filed for certifying the reliability of the corresponding datapacket.

For example, when the header part of the data packet includes an IPheader, a UDP header, and an RTP header, and when the IP versioncorresponds to IPv4, the overhead of the header included in the datapacket becomes equal to 40 bytes. However, such an overhead may cause acritical problem in a wireless system, wherein the bandwidth is limited.At this point, when the header of the data packet is compressed by usingthe RoHC method, the overhead may be reduced to 1 byte or 3 bytes. Morespecifically, the transmitting end compresses and transmits at least oneof the IP/UDP/RTP headers within the data packet, and the receiverdecompressed the header of the received data packet, thereby recoveringthe IP/UDP/RTP headers prior to being compressed.

(a) and (b) of FIG. 42 illustrates conceptual diagrams of an RoHCcompression algorithm according to the present invention. Herein, (a) ofFIG. 42 shows an example of the data packets prior to being compressedand (b) of FIG. 42 shows an example of the data packets being compressedby using the RoHC method. Although a payload exists in each packet in(a) and (b) of FIG. 42, the present invention will only describe theheader of the data packets.

For simplicity in the description of the present invention, the packetprior to being compressed will hereinafter be referred to as a datapacket, and the packet being compressed by using the RoHC method willhereinafter be referred to as an RoHC packet (or header-compressed datapacket).

In the RoHC compression method, the overall headers of the data packetconfiguring the IP stream, which is identified by the IP addressinformation, may be indicated by a single context identifier (ContextID). Herein, at the beginning of the transmission, the overall header istransmitted. Then, as the transmission progresses, the compressionprocess is processed by using a method of remaining only the Context IDand the essential information and omitting the non-varying parts.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, when performing IPstreaming, among the information included in the IP header and the UDPheader of FIG. 40 and FIG. 41, IP version, source IP address,destination IP address, IP fragment flag, source port number,destination port number, and so on, hardly varies (or changes) duringthe streaming process. In the description of the present invention, thefields transmitting information that hardly changes during the streamingprocess, as described above, will be referred to as static fields.Furthermore, information transmitted in the static field will bereferred to as static information. According to the present invention,the static information has the same meaning as static chain information.

In the RoHC compression method, such static information is transmittedonly once and is not additionally transmitted for a predetermined periodof time. This is referred to as an Initialization and Refresh(hereinafter referred to as IR) state, and a data packet having thestatic field information transmitted to the header is referred to as anIP packet. Moreover, dynamic information, which consistently changes yetmaintains the same state for a predetermined period of time, areseparately scheduled to performed additional transmission. The dynamicinformation is transmitted through a dynamic field. According to thepresent invention, the dynamic information has the same meaning asdynamic chain information.

Herein, a data packet having the dynamic information transmitted to itsheader is referred to as an IR-DYN packet. According to the embodimentof the present invention, the IR packet also includes dynamicinformation. Since the IR packet and the IR-DYN packet carry allinformation of the conventional header, the IR packet and the IR-DYNpacket have a similar size as the conventional header. Morespecifically, among the header information of the data packet, thestatic information may be transmitted at the beginning through the IRpacket, and the dynamic information is transmitted each time theinformation is updated through the IR-DYN packet.

In addition to the IR packet and the IR-DYN packet, the data packethaving its header compressed may further include a first order (FO) anda second order (SO). The FO packet and the SO packet are configured onlyof 1-2 byte information. The FO packet compresses and transmits allstatic information and most of the dynamic information, and the SOpacket periodically compresses and transmits all of the dynamicinformation.

As described above, in the RoHC compression method, IR packets includingthe static and dynamic information are transmitted only when required,and, in the remaining cases, the FO packets or SO packets, which areconfigured only of the 1-2 byte information, are transmitted. Thus, 30bytes or more of the overhead may be reduced for each data packet.According to the present invention, the IR packet, the IR-DYN packet,the FO packet and the SO packet will be referred to as an RoHC packet.

However, when such RoHC compression method is adopted, in a broadcastingnetwork that does not have any return channels, the receiver isincapable of knowing at which point the IP stream is to be received.And, a general receiver may not be capable of recognizing theherder-compressed data packet.

In order to resolve such problems, the present invention transmitscompression information of the data packet header by signaling thecorresponding compression information to the L1 signaling informationand the L2 signaling information. According to the embodiment of thepresent invention, the present invention signals and transmits thecompression information to the L2 signaling information. The L2signaling information corresponds to the signaling information beingtransmitted to the common PLP.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the compressioninformation being signaled to the L2 signaling information includes atleast one of information indicating a compression method of the datapacket header, context profile information, and context identifierinformation.

The information indicating a compression method of the data packetheader will also be referred to as a header compression type(header_compression_type). According to the present invention, when theheader_compression_type field value is equal to 0, this may signify thatthe header of the data packet is not compressed (no compression), and,when the header_compression_type field value is equal to 1, this maysignify that the header of the data packet is compressed by using theRoHC method.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the contextprofile information will be referred to as a context profile(context_profile) field, which indicates up to which protocol (or whichlayer) the compression has been performed, when performing compressionon the header of the data packet. According to the embodiment of thepresent invention, when the context_profile field value is equal to 0,this may indicate that the data packet has an RoHC compression packetyet that the actual header information has not been compressed. And,when the context_profile field value is equal to 1, this may indicatethat the header of the data packet has been compressed by using the RoHCmethod up to the RTP, up to the UDP, when the context_profile fieldvalue is equal to 2, up to the ESP, when the context_profile field valueis equal to 3, and up to the IP, when the context_profile field value isequal to 4.

The context identifier information will also be referred to as a contextidentifier (context_id) field, which represents a context identifieridentifying that the header of the data packet has been compressed. Inother words, the context identifier information represents an identifierfor identifying an IP stream using the IP header compression. When thereceiver groups and processes the header-compressed data packets havingthe same context identifier, an IP stream may be configured.

Most particularly, according to the embodiment of the present invention,among the L2 signaling information being transmitted to the common PLP,the compression information is signaled to the IP information table. Thecompression information may be included in a field format within the IPinformation table, and may also be included in a specific descriptor ofthe IP information table. The compression information may be included ina field format even when being included in the specific descriptor. TheIP information table may correspond to an INT (IP/MAC notificationtable), which signals IP-PLP mapping (or link) information, and maycorrespond to another table. Additionally, an IP information table maybe divided into section units, and the compression information may besignaled to one section.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the presentinvention may signal the compression information to a serviceassociation section, which is included in the L2 signaling informationbeing transmitted to the common PLP.

At this point, according to the embodiment of the present invention, theIP information table or service association section transmits thecompression information as binary type information.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the serviceassociation section is also signaled with IP-PLP mapping (or link)information. According to the embodiment of the present invention, theIP-PLP mapping information includes a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)or IP address/port number of a specific stream and PLP informationmatching with an IP stream, which is transmitted (or delivered) to theURI or IP address/port number. According to the embodiment of thepresent invention, the PLP information includes a PLP identifier(plp_id). The PLP information may further include at least one of a PLPprofile (plp_profile), a system identifier (system_id), and a PLP groupidentifier (plp_group_id). A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) may also beused instead of the URI.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the headerinformation of an IR packet is transmitted through a data PLP or acommon PLP. At this point, the header information of the IR packet maybe transmitted to all common PLP, or only a portion of the headerinformation may be transmitted to the common PLP and the remainingportion of the header information may be transmitted to the data PLP.For example, among the header information of the IR packet, staticinformation may be transmitted to the common PLP, and dynamicinformation may be transmitted to the data PLP. Additionally, accordingto the embodiment of the present invention, the header information ofthe IR-DYN packet is also transmitted through the data PLP or the commonPLP. The data PLP will hereinafter be referred to as a component PLP.

FIG. 43 shows an example of the compression information being signal toan IP/MAC_location_descriptor( ) of the IP information table.Additionally, the IP/MAC_location_descriptor( ) signals PLP informationthat matched with an IP stream, which is delivered to an IP address/portnumber being signals to a target_IP_address_descriptor( ). According tothe embodiment of the present invention, the PLP information includes atleast one of a PLP profile (plp_profile), a PLP identifier (plp_id), anda system identifier. The PLP information may further include a PLP groupidentifier (plp_group_id).

Herein, since a target_IP_address_descriptor( ) and anIP/MAC_location_descriptor( ) of the IP information table in FIG. 43form a pair, by using this descriptor pair, the receiver may be capableof knowing to which PLP a specific IP stream is associated, and thedescriptor pair may also gain compression information of the specific IPstream. Furthermore, based upon the acquired (or gained) compressioninformation, the descriptor pair may perform decompression of thespecific IP stream.

The IP information table is repeated as many times as the number of theplatform and includes a platform identifier to identify each platform.That is, the platform identifier represents a platform space on an IPstream transmitted.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, theIP/MAC_location_descriptor( ) includes a plp_profile field, a plp_idfield, a system_id field, a header_compression_type field, acontext_profile field, and a context_id field.

The plp_profile field and the plp_id field are identical to theplp_profile field and the plp_id field included in the L1 signalinginformation of FIG. 38. More specifically, the plp_profile field and theplp_id field correspond to mapping (or link) information for connectedthe L1 signaling information and the L2 signaling information. Aplp_profile field indicates whether the corresponding PLP is a mandatoryPLP or an optional PLP. The receiver may use the plp_profile field so asto determine in which receiver the component being transmitted to thecurrent PLP is to be transmitted, based upon the receivercharacteristic, such as mobile receiver, fixed-type receiver, and so on.And, then the receiver may determine whether or not to decode thecurrent PLP based upon the receiver characteristic.

The plp_id field indicates an identifier for identifying thecorresponding PLP.

The system_id field corresponds to a field that is used for identifyinga broadcasting network specific system.

The header_compression_type field indicates whether or not the headerhas been compressed. According to the embodiment of the presentinvention, when the header_compression_type field value is equal to 0,this indicates that compression has not been performed on the header (nocompression), and, when the header_compression_type field value is equalto 1, this indicates the header has been compressed by using the RoHCmethod.

The context_profile field indicates up to which protocol (or whichlayer) the compression has been performed, when performing compressionon the header of the data packet. According to the present invention,when the context_profile field value is equal to 0, this may indicatethat the data packet has an RoHC compression packet yet that the actualheader information has not been compressed. And, according to theembodiment of the present invention, when the context_profile fieldvalue is equal to 1, this may indicate that the header of the datapacket has been compressed by using the RoHC method up to the RTP, up tothe UDP, when the context_profile field value is equal to 2, up to theESP, when the context_profile field value is equal to 3, and up to theIP, when the context_profile field value is equal to 4.

The context_id field indicates a context identifier for identifying thatthe header of the data packet has been compressed.

As described above, the header information of the IR packet may betransmitted to the common PLP. At this point, the header information ofthe IR packet may be collectively signaled and transmitted to an IPinformation table to which compression information is being transmitted,or the header information of the IR packet may be signaled andtransmitted to another table.

When the header information of the IR packet is signaled to a tableother than the IP information table, the corresponding table will bereferred to as an IRT (Initiation & Refresh Table).

As shown in FIG. 43, the IRT according to the present invention includesan IR_packet_header_byte( ) field, which is repeated as many times asthe values of the context_profile field, the context_id field, and theheader_length field, so as to transmit the header information of the IRpacket.

The context_profile field and the context_id field are respectivelyassigned with the same values of each of the context_profile field andthe context_id field, which are signaled to theIP/MAC_location_descriptor( ) of the IP information table. Morespecifically, the context profile and the context identifier correspondto mapping (i.e., link) information connecting the IP information tableto the IRT. Therefore, the receiver may use the context profile and thecontext identifier, so as to be capable of acquiring compressioninformation of a specific IP stream from the IP information table andacquiring IR packet header information from the IRT. The presentinvention may also use only the context identifier, so as to connect theIP information table and the IRT.

The header information of the IR packet being transmitted to theIR_packet_header_byte( ) field may include both the static informationand the dynamic information, or may include any one of the staticinformation and the dynamic information. For example, the staticinformation may be transmitted to the IR_packet_header_byte( ) field andthe dynamic information may be transmitted to the corresponding dataPLP. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the headerinformation of the IR-DYN packet is transmitted to the correspondingdata PLP.

FIG. 44 illustrates an example of the compression information beingsignaled to a binary type service association section. Additionally, theservice association section is signaled with a URI or IP address/portnumber of a specific stream and PLP information matching with an IPstream, which is transmitted (or delivered) to the URI or IPaddress/port number of the specific IP stream. According to theembodiment of the present invention, the PLP information includes a PLPidentifier (plp_id). The PLP information may further include at leastone of a PLP profile (plp_profile), a system identifier (system_id), andan LLP identifier (LLP_id). The LLP_id corresponds to an identifier foridentifying a Link Layer Pipe (LLP), wherein one or more PLPs arebundled as a single logical entity. More specifically, the LLP_idcorresponds to an identifier for uniquely (or solely) identifying asingle LLP within a network, which is identified by a networkidentifier. In the description of the present invention, the PLP groupmay be referred to as an LLP (Link-Layer-Pipe), and a PLP_GROUP_ID fieldmay be referred to as an LLP_ID field. The receiver may be aware of thespecific PLP to which the specific IP stream is related, based upon theIP-PLP mapping information, which is signaled to the service associationsection, and the receiver may perform decompression of the specific IPstream based upon the compression information of the specific IP stream.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the compressioninformation includes context profile (context_profile) information, anda context identifier (context_id). The context profile (context_profile)information and the context identifier (context_id) may be used to havethe same significance as the context profile (context_profile)information and context identifier (context_id), which are included inthe IP information table of FIG. 43. Therefore, since reference may bemade to FIG. 43, detailed description of the same will be omitted forsimplicity.

In FIG. 44, according to the embodiment of the present invention, theheader information of the IR header is signaled to an IR (Initiation &Refresh) packet, thereby being transmitted through a common PLP. Herein,since the information included in the IR packet shown in FIG. 44 isidentical to the IRT of FIG. 43, reference may be made to FIG. 43, and,therefore, detailed description of the same will be omitted forsimplicity. At this point, the data being included in the payload of theIP packet is transmitted through the corresponding data PLP, and,therefore, illustration and description of the same will be omitted forsimplicity.

At this point, the context_profile field and context_id field have thesame values as the context_profile field and context_id field, which aresignaled to the service association section. More specifically, thecontext profile information and context identifier correspond to mapping(i.e., link) information connecting (or linking) the service associationsection and the IR packet. Therefore, the receiver uses the contextprofile information and context identifier, thereby being capable ofacquiring compression information of a specific IP stream from theservice association section within the L2 signaling information andbeing capable of acquiring IR packet header information from the IRpacket within the L2 signaling information. The present invention mayuse only the context identifier, so as to connect (or link) the serviceassociation section and the IR packet.

The header information of the IR packet being transmitted to theIR_packet_header_byte( ) field may either include both the staticinformation and the dynamic information, or may include any one of thestatic information and the dynamic information. For example, the staticinformation may be transmitted to the IR_packet_header_byte( ) field,and the dynamic information may be transmitted through the correspondingdata PLP. At this point, according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, the header information of the IR-DYN packet is alsotransmitted to the common PLP.

Meanwhile, the header information of the IR packet may be signaled tothe IP information table along with the compression information. At thispoint, among the header information of the IR packet, only the staticinformation may be signaled to the IP information table, thereby beingtransmitted, and the dynamic information may be transmitted through thecorresponding data PLP or may be transmitted through another table.

As another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 45 illustrates asyntax structure of an IP information table having header information ofan IR packet be signaled along with compression information. Accordingto the embodiment of the present invention, theIP/MAC_location_descriptor( ) of the IP information table shown in FIG.45 includes a plp_profile field, a plp_id field, a system_id field, aheader_compression_type field, a context_profile field, a context_idfield, and an IR_packet_header_byte( ) field. More specifically, headerinformation of the IR packet exists in each context.

For the description of each field shown in FIG. 45, reference may bemade to the description of the fields having the same title shown inFIG. 43. Therefore, the detailed description of the same will be omittedfor simplicity.

As shown in FIG. 45, if the compression information and the headerinformation of the IR packet are collectively transmitted through the IPinformation table, the receiver is not required to additionally searchfor the header information of the IR Packet. However, the size of the IPinformation table may become larger.

Herein, an IR_packet_header_byte( ) field, which is repeated as manytimes as the value of the header length (header_length) field, so as totransmit header information of the IR packet, is added to theIP/MAC_location_descriptor( ) shown in FIG. 43. With the exception forsuch addition of the IR_packet_header_byte( ) field, theIP/MAC_location_descriptor( ) of FIG. 45 is identical to theIP/MAC_location_descriptor( ) shown in FIG. 43.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the headerinformation of the IR packet may be signaled to a service associationsection with the compression information. At this point, among theheader information of the IR packet, only static information may besignaled and transmitted to the service association section and dynamicinformation may be transmitted in a corresponding data PLP or a commonPLP in a packet form.

The present invention may signal compression information to the L1signaling information by the transmitter, so that the receiver canrespond to the compressed IP stream.

At this point, the compression information may be signaled to the L1signaling information by adding a new field in the L1 signalinginformation.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPEfield, which indicates the type of a PLP payload, is used foradditionally signaling the compression information. For example, IPcompressed and GSE compressed modes are added to the PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPEfield, so that the receiver can identify whether the type of the dataincluded in the PLP payload corresponds to any one of GFPS, GCS, GSE,TS, IP, IP compressed, and GSE compressed, by referring to thePLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE field. By performing such signaling, the receiver maybe capable of identifying whether or not a stream, which is extractedduring the decoding of the PLP, has been compressed, thereby beingcapable of determining whether or not a header decompressing unit (orRoHC decoder) should be applied. The header decompressing unit isincluded in the output processor of the broadcast signal receivingapparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, theabove-described compression of the header included in the data packet isperformed by the input pre-processor of the broadcast signaltransmitting apparatus. In the description of the present invention, ablock that is used for compressing the header of the data packet will bereferred to as a header compressing unit (or RoHC encoder).

If the header compressing unit is applied to the input pre-processorshown in FIG. 10, the header compressing unit may be provided at theinputting end of the UDP/IP filter (106010), or may be provided at theoutputting end of the UDP/IP filter (106010). In case the headercompressing unit is provided at the inputting end of the UDP/IP filter(106010), an IP stream corresponding to a service is inputted to theheader compressing unit, wherein the header included in each data packetconfiguring the IP stream is compressed. Thereafter, theheader-compressed data packets are inputted to the UDP/IP filer(106010), so as to be filtered for each component. At this point, if thebroadcast receiving apparatus of FIG. 29 is used, the headerdecompressing (or decompression) unit, which performs decompressing onthe header-compressed data packets, may be provided at the outputtingend of the buffer unit (220700). Herein, the header decompressing unitincludes an RoHC decoder.

In another example, if the header compressing unit is provided at theoutputting end of the UDP/IP filter (106010), the header compressingunit performs header compression on the data packets, which are filteredfor each component. In this case, the header decompressing unit of thebroadcast receiving apparatus may be provided between the BBF decoder(220600) and the buffer unit (220700) of FIG. 29.

At this point, among the data packets that are header-compressed by theheader compressing unit, the header information of the FO packet, andthe SO packet is transmitted through the corresponding data PLP.Conversely, among the compressed packets, at least a portion of theheader information included in the IR packet is transmitted through acommon PLP. At this point, the data included in the payload of the IRpacket may be transmitted through the corresponding data PLP. If only aportion of the header information included in the IR packet istransmitted to the common PLP, the remaining header information may betransmitted through the corresponding data PLP. And, the compressioninformation is transmitted through the common PLP. In addition, theheader information of the IR-DYN packet is transmitted through any oneof a common PLP and a corresponding data PLP.

FIG. 46 illustrates a block diagram showing the structure of a portionof an input-pre-processor including a header compressing unit, which isused for compressing data packets, according to an embodiment of thepresent invention. Herein, FIG. 46 shows an example wherein a headercompressing unit is provided as the outputting end of the UDP/IP filter(106010). The header information of the IR packet in FIG. 46 istransmitted through a common PLP and the header information of theIR-DYN packet is transmitted through the corresponding data PLP. Herein,the data PLP corresponds to a component PLP.

Referring to FIG. 46, a number of header compressing units(700301˜700304) corresponding to the number of common PLPs and componentPLPs is provided as the outputting end of the UDP/IP filter (106010), sothat compression may be performed on the header of the correspondingdata packet, which is being filtered from the UDP/IP filter (106010), byusing the RoHC method.

At this point, each of the header compressing units (700301˜700304)outputs header information of the IR packet and compression informationto an information merger (700200), and, then, each of the headercompressing units (700301˜700304) outputs header information of theIR_DYN, FO, and SO packets to the respective GSE encapsulating module,so that the corresponding header information can be transmitted to therespective component PLP. Herein, the GSE encapsulating module isoptional. And, a component merger may be further included at theinputting end or the outputting end of each of the header compressingunits (700301˜700304). Reference may be made to FIG. 10 for the detaileddescription of the component merger, and, therefore, a detaileddescription of the same will be omitted herein.

Furthermore, an IP service controller, an IP service informationdecoder, an IP service information correcting/generating module, and anIP stream merger are also provided in FIG. 46. However, thecorresponding blocks are not shown in the drawing. Reference may be madeto FIG. 10 for the detailed description of each block.

At this point, an IP-PLP link information generating unit (700100)generates IP-PLP mapping information, which includes URI or an IPaddress/port number transmitting each IP stream and PLP informationmatching with the IP stream. The information merger (700200) merges theIP-PLP mapping information, which is generated by the IP-PLP linkinformation generating unit (700100), with the compression informationbeing outputted from each header compressing unit (700301˜700304) andthe header information of the IR packet. Thereafter, the informationmerger (700200) outputs the merged information to the TS encapsulatingmodule (700400), thereby signaling the merged information to at leastone table (or section) of the L2 signaling information.

Herein, the compression information and the header information of the IRpacket may each be signaled to the IP information table and the IRT, asshown in FIG. 43, or may be all signaled to the IP information table (orservice association section), as shown in FIG. 45. If each of thecompression information and the header information of the IR packet issignaled to a different table (or service association section and IRpacket), as shown in FIG. 43 and FIG. 44, at least one of a contextprofile information and a context identifier may be used as linkinformation for connecting the two different tables (or serviceassociation section and IR packet).

If the header compressing unit according to the present invention isapplied to the broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus shown in FIG.10, the IP-PLP link information generating unit (700100) and theinformation merger (700200) may be separately provided, or the functionsof the IP-PLP link information generating unit (700100) and theinformation merger (700200) may be performed by at least one of an IPservice controller (106020), an IP service information decoder (106030),an IP service information correcting/generating module (106040), and anIP stream merger (106050).

Meanwhile, if the data packets having the respective header compressedby performing the above-described header compression procedure aretransmitted, after passing through the input processor (100100), theBICM module (100200), the frame builder (100300), and the OFDM generator(100400), the broadcasting signal receiving apparatus may perform headerdecompression based upon the IP-PLP mapping information, the compressioninformation, and so on, which are included in the L2 signalinginformation, the L2 signaling information being transmitted through theL1 signaling information, the common PLP, and so on.

If the broadcasting signal receiving apparatus is identical to thatshown in FIG. 19, the header decompression of the data packets isperformed by the output processor (138400). And, if the broadcastingsignal receiving apparatus is identical to that shown in FIG. 29, thedecompression of the data packets is performed at the outputting end ofthe BBF decoder (220600) or the outputting end of the buffer unit(220700).

At this point, among the compressed data packets, since the headerinformation of the IR packet are received by the common PLP, and sincethe header information of the remaining packets are received by thecorresponding component PLP, the header information of the IR packetshould be merged with the corresponding component PLP prior toperforming decompression on the data packets.

Whether or not the header of the data packets being transmitted to thecomponent PLP has been compressed may be known by using at least one ofthe L1 signaling information and the L2 signaling information. Forexample, whether or not the header of the data packets being transmittedto the corresponding component PLP may be verified based upon thePLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE field value of the L1 signaling information and/or theheader_compression_type field value of the L2 signaling information.

At this point, the component PLP, which is to be merged with the headerinformation of the IR packet, may be selected based upon the IP-PLPmapping information, which is signaled to the IP information table (orservice association section) of the L2 signaling information. Morespecifically, when the IP-PLP mapping information is signaled andtransmitted to the IP information table, as shown in FIG. 43, an IPstream having an IP address/port number, which is signaled to thetarget_IP_address_descriptor( ) may be known by using the PLPinformation of the IP/MAC_location_descriptor( ) i.e., PLP profileinformation and PLP identifier, which is paired with thetarget_IP_address_descriptor( ).

Header information of the IR packet, which is received by the common PLPis merged with a component PLP, which is selected based upon the IP-PLPmapping information. Then, decompression is performed on the header ofthe data packets, which is included in the component PLP being mergedwith the header information of the IR packet, thereby recovering thedata packets to their initial states prior to being compressed. Thedecompression is performed based upon compression information, which issignaled to and received by the IP information table (or serviceassociation section) of the common PLP.

FIG. 43 shows an example of a merger (720100) of gaining headerinformation of the IR packet from an IRT of the common PLP having thesame value as the context profile information and context identifier ofthe IP information table of the common PLP, so as to merge the gainedheader information with the corresponding component PLP, when the IP-PLPmapping information and compression information are signaled to andreceived by the IP information table, and when the header information ofthe IR packet is signaled to and received by the IRT. Herein, thecomponent PLP is selected based upon the IP-PLP mapping information.Moreover, the merger (720100) may either be included in the headerdecompressing unit of the broadcast signal receiving apparatus or may beseparately configured.

When IP-PLP mapping information and the compression information aresignaled to the service association section of the common PLP, therebybeing received, and when the header information of an IR packet issignaled to the IR packet of the common PLP, thereby being received, themerger (720200) of FIG. 44 shows an example of extracting headerinformation from the IR packet having the same value as the contextprofile information and context identifier of the service associationsection and, then, merging the header information of the IR packet tothe corresponding component PLP based upon the SN included in the headerinformation. Herein, the component PLP is selected based upon the IP-PLPmapping information. The merger (720200) includes a process of replacingthe IR packet header with an SO packet header within the component PLPbased upon the SN. The merger (720200) may either be included in theheader decompressing unit of the broadcast signal receiving apparatus ormay be configured separately.

When IP-PLP mapping information, compression information, and headerinformation of the IR packet are all signaled to an IP informationtable, thereby being received, the merger (720300) of FIG. 45 shows anexample of merging the header information of the IR packet to thecorresponding component PLP. At this point, the header information ofthe IR packet is not required to be searched and found. Similarly, thecomponent PLP is selected based upon the IP-PLP mapping information. Themerger (720300) may either be included in the header decompressing unitof the broadcast signal receiving apparatus or may be configuredseparately.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, in FIG. 43 to FIG.45, the process of merging the header information of the IR packet tothe corresponding component PLP is performed by a header decompressingunit. Additionally, according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, the header decompressing unit further includes an RoHCdecoder performing decompression on the data packets of the componentPLP, which is merged with the header information of the IR packet, byusing an inverse method of the RoHC compressing method.

FIG. 47 illustrates a block diagram showing the structure of thebroadcasting signal receiving apparatus according to yet anotherembodiment of the present invention, wherein a header decompressing unit(710090) is provided between a BBF decoder (710080) and a buffer unit(710100). More specifically, FIG. 47 corresponds to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention respective to when a headercompressing unit of the broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus isprovided at the outputting end of the UDP/IP filter (106010). If theheader compressing unit is provided at the inputting end of the UDP/IPfilter (106010), the header decompressing unit (710090) is provided atthe outputting end of the buffer unit (710100).

Referring to FIG. 47, with the exception for an L2 scanning informationgenerating unit (710060) and a header decompressing unit (710090), theoperation processes of the remaining blocks are identical to those ofthe identical blocks included in the broadcasting signal receivingapparatus shown in FIG. 29. Therefore, detailed description of the samewill be omitted for simplicity.

The L2 scanning information generating unit (710060) extracts IP-PLPmapping information and compression information from the L2 signalinginformation, which is received by the common PLP, and then outputs theextracted information to the header decompressing unit (710090).Additionally, the L2 scanning information generating unit (710060)outputs the header information of the IR packet, which is received bythe common PLP, to the header decompressing unit (710090). For example,if the IP-PLP mapping information and the compression information aresignaled to and received by the IP information table, and if the headerinformation of the IR packet is signaled to and received by the IRT,header information of the IR packet is extracted from an IRT having thesame values as the context profile information and context identifier ofthe IP information table, thereby being outputted. Furthermore, when theIP-PLP mapping information and the compression information are signaledand received to the service association section and the headerinformation of the IR packet is signaled and received to the IR packet,the header information of the IR packet is extracted from the IR packethaving the same values as the context profile information and thecontext identifier of the service association section, and then isoutputted, as shown in FIG. 44,

The header decompressing unit (710090) selects a component PLP that isto be merged with the header information of the IR packet based upon theinputted IP-PLP mapping information. Then, the header decompressing unit(710090) merges the header information of the IR packet to the selectedcomponent PLP. Thereafter, the header decompressing unit (710090)performs decompression on the header of each data packet included in thecomponent PLP, which is merged with the header information of the IRpacket, based upon the compression information, thereby recovering thedata packets to a state prior to being processed with compression.

Then, among the PSI/SI (IP service information) buffer, the bootstrapbuffer, the metadata buffer, the audio buffer, the video buffer, and thedata buffer of the buffer unit (710100), the PLP data that aredecompressed by the header decompressing unit (710090) are outputted toany one of the corresponding buffer via switching. Reference may be madeto the description of FIG. 29 for the processing of the PLP data,wherein header compression is not performed.

Meanwhile, according to the embodiment of the present invention, whenthe header information is separated from the IR packet and transmittedto the common PLP, as shown in FIG. 43 to FIG. 45, the header of thecorresponding IR packet, which is being transmitted to the component PLP(i.e., data PLP), may be replaced with the header of an SO or FO packet.Additionally, according to the embodiment of the present invention, evenwhen the header information of the IR-DYN packet is being transmitted tothe common PLP, the header of the corresponding IR-DYN packet, which isbeing transmitted to the data, may be replaced with the header of an SOor FO packet. According to the embodiment of the present invention, thepresent invention replaces the header of the IR packet and the header ofthe IR-DYN packet both being transmitted to the data PLP with the headerof an SO packet. More specifically, among the compressed data packets,the IR packet is converted (or shifted) to an FO or SO packet andtransmitted to the corresponding data PLP, and the header information ofthe IR packet is transmitted to the common PLP. At this point, in orderto merge the header information of the IR packet, which is beingreceived through the common PLP, with the payload of the correspondingIR packet, which is being received through the data PLP, so as tocompletely recover the IR Packet, sync information is required.According to the embodiment of the present invention, a sequence number(SN) is used as the sync information. More specifically, according tothe embodiment of the present invention, the header of the IR packet andthe header of the SO packet, which is to replace the header of the IRpacket, may have the same sequence number. If the header information ofthe IR-DYN packet is transmitted to the common PLP, the same may beapplied to the IR-DYN packet.

(a) to (c) of FIG. 48 illustrate examples of separating the headerinformation of the IR Packet and the header information of the IR-DYNpacket, which occupy a large number of bytes in the IP headercompression, and transmitting the processed information to a commonstream. More specifically, the drawings show an example of transmittingthe initial (or original) IR packet header information and IR-DYN packetheader information, which were respectively included in the IR packetand the IR-DYN packet, to a stream after respectively replacing the IRpacket header and IR-DYN packet header with the header of the SO packetin the IR packet and the IR-DYN packet. At this point, the common streamis transmitted through a common PLP.

(a) of FIG. 48 shows an example of compressing each of 3 IP streams (IPstream 1, IP stream 2, IP stream 3) by using the RoHC compressionmethod. In this case, each of the 3 IP streams has a different contextidentifier. In the first to third IP streams (IP stream 1, IP stream 2,IP stream 3), the numbers 1˜0 correspond to the payload sections (orportions) to which actual data are transmitted.

(b) of FIG. 48 shows an example of generating each SO packet headerbased upon a sequence number included in the IR packet header and theIR-DYN packet header of the first to third IP streams (IP stream 1, IPstream 2, IP stream 3). For this, the IR packet and IR-DYN packet aredetected from each IP stream based upon the RoHC header information.

Thereafter, a 1-byte SO packet header is generated for each stream basedupon the sequence number included in the detected IR packet and theIR-DYN packet. Regardless of the type, since the SO packet headerincludes SN information, the SO packet header may be arbitrarilygenerated. At this point, according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, the sequence number included in a specific IR packet and thesequence number included in the SO packet header, which is generatedbased upon the sequence number of the IR packet header, are identical.Additionally, according to the embodiment of the present invention, thesequence number included in a specific IR-DYN packet and the sequencenumber included in the SO packet header, which is generated based uponthe sequence number of the IR-DYN packet header, are also identical. Forexample, the sequence number included in the SO packet header, which isgenerated based upon IR packet 1 (IR1) of the first IP stream (IP stream1) is identical to the sequence number included in the header of IRpacket 1 (IR1).

(c) of FIG. 48 replaces each SO packet header generated in (b) of FIG.48 with the corresponding IR packet header or the corresponding IR-DYNpacket header and transmits the replaced header to the corresponding IPstream and, then, transmit the IR packet, which consists of the IRpacket header and a null payload, or the IR-DYN packet, which consistsof the IR-DYN packet header and a null payload, to a common stream. Morespecifically, in each IP stream, the IR packet and the IR-DYN packet areconverted to the SO packet and then transmitted. Herein, each IP streamis transmitted through each data PLP, and the common stream istransmitted through a common PLP. In the common stream of (c) of FIG.48, x of the IR packet or IR-DYN packet corresponds to the payloadportion (or section), which is configured of null data. Essentially, SNcorresponds to information existing in RTP. However, in case of the UDP,the transmitting end may arbitrarily generate and use the SN.

More specifically, the header of the IR packet included in the IPstream, which is being transmitted to the data PLP, is replaced with theheader of an SO packet having the same sequence number, and the headerof the IR-DYN packet is replaced with the header of an SO packet havingthe same sequence number, and, at this point, the data existing in thepayload remains unchanged. Thereafter, the IR packet included in thecommon stream, which is transmitted through the common PLP, isconfigured of header information of the IR packet prior to beingreplaced with the SO packet header and a null payload, and the IR-DYNpacket is configured of header information of the IR-DYN packet prior tobeing replaced with the SO packet header and a null payload. Therefore,the IR packet of FIG. 44 is configured of an IR packet header and a nullpayload.

At this point, IP-PLP mapping information (IP-PLP) and compressioninformation are included in the common stream and then transmitted. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 44, the IP-PLP mapping information and thecompression information are transmitted through the service associationsection. According to the embodiment of the present invention, theservice association section is included in the L2 signaling information.

(a) to (f) of FIG. 49 illustrate examples of an SO or FO packet headergenerated based upon an IR packet header and an IR-DYN packet headereach having a sequence number.

First of all, (a) of FIG. 49 shows an example of the header informationof the IR packet, which is compressed by using the RoHC method in theRTP mode, and (b) of FIG. 49 shows an example of the header informationof the IR-DYN packet, which is compressed by using the RoHC method inthe RTP mode. (c) of FIG. 49 shows an example of information beingincluded in a dynamic chain of (a) of FIG. 49 or (b) of FIG. 49.

More specifically, the IR packet include static information (or staticchain information) and dynamic information (or dynamic chaininformation), and the IR-DYN packet includes dynamic information (ordynamic chain information). At this point, the dynamic informationincludes a sequence number, as shown in (c) of FIG. 49.

In the IR packet header of (a) of FIG. 49, a first octet is signaledwith information (Add-CID) notifying that a context identifier is beingadded, and a second octet is signaled with information identifying theheader as the IR packet header. For example, according to the embodimentof the present invention, the information for identifying the header asthe IR packet header corresponds to 1111110D. Thereafter, among 3octets, at least one octet is signal with a context identifier, and anext octet is signaled with context profile information. Then, CRC,static information (or static chain information), dynamic information(or dynamic chain information) are sequentially signaled.

In the IR-DYN packet header of (b) of FIG. 49, a first octet is signaledwith information (Add-CID) notifying that a context identifier is beingadded, and a second octet is signaled with information identifying theheader as the IR-DYN packet header. For example, according to theembodiment of the present invention, the information for identifying theheader as the IR-DYN packet header corresponds to 11111000. Thereafter,among 3 octets, at least one octet is signal with a context identifier,and a next octet is signaled with context profile information. Then,CRC, static information (or static chain information), dynamicinformation (or dynamic chain information) are sequentially signaled.

The dynamic information of (a) of FIG. 49 or (b) of FIG. 49 includes asequence number, as shown in (c) of FIG. 49.

(d) to (f) of FIG. 49 show examples of an SO packet header or an FOpacket header having the same sequence number as the sequence number of(c) of FIG. 49. More specifically, as header information of theIR/IR-DYN packet is transmitted to a common stream, the header of thecorresponding packet is replaced with an SO packet header or an FOpacket header and then transmitted to a data PLP. Herein, the sequencenumber is used for indicating the header that is being replaced. Sinceboth headers have a sequence number, the receiver may use the sequencenumber, so as to recover the IR/IR-DYN packet. Moreover, time stampinformation may also be additionally used for the sync.

(a) to (c) of FIG. 50 illustrate an exemplary process of having thebroadcast receiver recover an IR packet and an IR-DYN packet from thedata PLP and the common PLP based upon the sequence number.

(a) of FIG. 50 shows an example of SO packets and FO packets beingreceived through 3 data PLPs (PLP1, PLP2, PLP3), and IR packetsincluding IR packet header information and IR-DYN packets includingIR-DYN packet header information through a common PLP. At this point,the numbers 1˜0 in the 3 data PLPs correspond to payload sections (orportions) to which data are actually transmitted, and x in the commonPLP corresponds to a payload section (or portion) configured of nulldata.

(b) of FIG. 50 shows an example of selecting a second data PLP (PLP2)among the first to third data PLPs (PLP1, PLP2, PLP3) of (a) of FIG. 50and re-replacing the SO packet header of the selected second data PLP(PLP2) and the IR packet header or IR-DYN packet header of the seconddata PLP (PLP2), which is received through a common PLP based upon thesequence number included in each header. For example, an SO packetheader having the same sequence number as the sequence number includedin the header of IR packet 2 (IR 2) of the second data PLP (PLP2), whichis received through the common PLP, is detected from the second dataPLP, and, then, the 2 headers replace one another, thereby recoveringthe SO packet of the second data PLP to the initial (or original) IRpacket. The remaining IR packets or IR-DYN packets are also recovered byusing the same method. At this point, the selection of the second dataPLP and the detection of the IR/IR-DYN packets of the second data PLP,which is received through the common PLP, are realized and performedbased upon the IP-PLP mapping information, which is received through thecommon PLP. According to the embodiment of the present invention, theIP-PLP mapping information is signaled to a binary type serviceassociation section, thereby being received through the common PLP.

(c) of FIG. 50 shows an example of an IP stream of the second data PLPhaving the IR packets and IR-DYN packets, which are recovered byperforming such procedure, included therein. Thereafter, based upon thecompression information, which is received through the common PLP, RoHCdecoding is performed, so as to decompress the recovered IR packets andIR-DYN packets.

FIG. 51 illustrates a block view showing the structure of a broadcastsignal transmitting apparatus and a broadcast signal receiving apparatusaccording to another embodiment of the present invention. The broadcastsignal transmitting apparatus and the broadcast signal receivingapparatus of FIG. 51 are configured to compress and transmit IP streamsand to receive and decompress the compressed IP streams, as shown inFIG. 48 to FIG. 50.

In FIG. 51, the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus (760000)includes an L2 signaling generator (760010) generating L2 signalinginformation, which is to be transmitted through the common PLP, aplurality of RoHC encoders (760020) receiving each IP stream andperforming RoHC-encoding on the received IP streams, a plurality oftransmission replacers (760030) replacing each IR packet header and/orIR-DYN packet header being RoHC-encoded and outputted from the pluralityof transmission replacers (760030) with an SO packet header, which isgenerated based upon a sequence number, a common stream multiplexer(760040) multiplexing the L2 signaling information and the IR packetheader information and/or IR-DYN packet header information to the commonstream and then outputting the multiplexed information through thecommon PLP, and an NGH transmission unit (760050) receiving the outputof the plurality of transmission replacers (760030) and the commonstream multiplexer (760040), so as to perform FEC encoding for errorcorrection, signal frame generation, OFDM modulation, and so on.

If the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus (760000) is applied toFIG. 6, the L2 signaling generator (760010), the plurality of RoHCencoders (760020), and the plurality of transmission replacers (760030)correspond to part of the input pre-processor (100000). And, the NGHtransmission unit (760050) includes the input processor (100100), theBICM encoder (100200), the frame builder (100300), and the OFDMgenerator (100400). Additionally, in the broadcast signal transmittingapparatus (760000), the RoHC encoder provided at an outputting end ofthe L2 signaling generator (760010) is optional. When using thebroadcast signal transmitting apparatus of FIG. 46, the transmissionreplacer may be included in the header compressing unit or may beprovided at the outputting end of the header compressing unit. Moreover,the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus of FIG. 46 may be furtherequipped with a common stream multiplexer, and, among thealready-existing blocks, at least one block may be used to perform thefunctions of a common stream multiplexer.

For example, in FIG. 48, data packets included in the first to third IPstreams (IP stream 1, IP stream 2, IP stream 3) are inputted to the RoHCencoder (760020) of FIG. 51, thereby compressing each header of the datapackets by using the RoHC method, as shown in (a) of FIG. 48. At thispoint, each of the compressed IP stream may also be referred to as anRoHC stream, and each RoHC stream is configured of RoHC packets. In thedescription of the present invention, the IR packets, IR-DYN packets, SOpackets, and FO packets will each be referred to as an RoHC packet.Herein, each packet includes a sequence number, which is configured ofmultiple bits. Each IP stream having its packet header compressed by theRoHC encoder (760020) is outputted to the transmission replacer(760030).

The transmission replacer (760030) detects an IR packet and IR-DYNpacket from each compressed IP stream and replaces the detected IRpacket header and IR-DYN packet header with the header of an SO packethaving the same sequence number, as shown in (b) of FIG. 48. At thispoint, each IP stream being configured of the FO packets and SO packetsis outputted to the NGH transmission unit (760050) through each dataPLP. Additionally, the replacer (760030) outputs the initial (ororiginal) IR packet header information and the initial (or original)IR-DYN packet header information to the common stream multiplexer(760040).

The L2 signaling generator (760010) configures L2 signaling information,which includes reception information, such as IP-PLP mappinginformation, system parameter, frequency, and so on, and outputs thegenerated L2 signaling information to the corresponding RoHC encoder inan IP packet format. The RoHC encoder compresses each header of the IPpackets including the L2 signaling information by using the RoHC methodand outputs the compressed headers to the common stream multiplexer(760040). Herein, the RoHC compression of the IP packet header includingthe L2 signaling information may be omitted.

The common stream multiplexer (760040) configures an IR packet by addinga null payload to the IR packet header information, which is outputtedfrom the transmission replacer (760030), and configures an IR-DYN packetby adding a null payload to the IR-DYN packet header information. Then,the common stream multiplexer (760040) multiplexes the IR packet, IR-DYNpacket, L2 signaling information compressed by using the RoHC method,and other common data to a common stream, and outputs the multiplexeddata to the NGH transmission unit (760050) through the common PLP.Herein, the IR packet that is to be transmitted to the common PLPincludes context profile information and a context identifier, as shownin FIG. 44. The context profile information and the context identifierare configured to link IP-PLP mapping information, which is transmittedto a service association section. Herein, the same context profileinformation and context identifier are included in the serviceassociation section along with the corresponding IP-PLP mappinginformation, thereby being transmitted. This may be identically appliedto an IR-DYN packet.

The NGH transmission unit (760050) performs FEC encoding for errorcorrection, signal frame generation, OFDM modulation, and so on, on eachdata PLP, which is configured of SO packets and FO packets after beingprocessed with header replacement in the transmission replacer (760030),and on a common PLP being outputted from the common stream multiplexer(760040). A broadcast signal including the OFDM-modulated signal frameis transmitted to the broadcast signal receiving apparatus (770000).

Meanwhile, the broadcast signal receiving apparatus (770000) includes anNGH reception unit (770010) receiving a broadcast signal beingtransmitted from the NGH transmission unit (760050) of the broadcastsignal transmitting apparatus (760000) and performing OFDM demodulation,signal frame parsing, FEC decoding on the received signal, therebydividing the processed signal into a data PLP, a common PLP, and so on,a data PLP decoder (770020) decoding the data PLP, which is outputtedfrom the NGH reception unit (770010), a common PLP decoder (770030)decoding the common PLP, which is outputted from the NGH reception unit(770010), a controller (770040) extracting IP-PLP mapping information,compression information, and so on, from a common stream of the decodedcommon PLP, so as to control PLP selection, a reception replacer(770050) replacing the SO packet header, which is received through thedata PLP, with the IR packet header and/IR-DYN packet header, whichis/are received through the common PLP, based upon the respectivesequence number, thereby recovering the initial (or original) IP packetor IR-DYN packet, and an RoHC decoder (770060) performing RoHC decodingon the RoHC packets including the IR packets and IR-DYN packets, whichare outputted from the reception replacer (770050).

If the broadcast signal receiving apparatus of FIG. 51 is applied toFIG. 19, the NGH reception unit includes the OFDM demodulator (138100),the frame demapper (138200), and the BICM decoder (138300). And, thedata PLP decoder (770020), common PLP decoder (770030), controller(770040), reception replacer (770050), and the RoHC decoder (770060)correspond to part of the output processor (138400). If the broadcastsignal receiving apparatus of FIG. 47 is used, the reception replacermay be included in a header decompressing or may be equipped at aninputting end of the header decompressing unit. The header compressorincludes an RoHC encoder.

The NGH reception unit (770010) of FIG. 51 receives the broadcast signalbeing transmitted from the NGH transmission unit (760050) of thebroadcast signal transmitting apparatus (760000) and performs OFDMdemodulation, signal frame parsing, and FEC decoding on the receivedbroadcast signal, thereby dividing the processed signal into data PLP,common PLP, and so on. At this point, when multiple data PLPs exist, atleast one data PLP is selected in accordance with the control of thecontroller (770040) and then transmitted to the data PLP decoder(770020). For example, as shown in (a) of FIG. 50, first to third IPstreams (IP stream 1, IP stream 2, IP stream 3) are compressed andreceived, and, among the received IP streams, when the second IP stream(IP stream 2) is selected, the second data PLP (PLP2) including thecompressed second IP stream (IP stream 2) is selected and then outputtedto the data PLP decoder (770020). Additionally, the common PLP isoutputted to the common PLP decoder (770030).

The data PLP decoder (770020) performs decoding on the inputted seconddata PLP (PLP2), so as to output the FO/SO packets, which are includedin the IP stream of the second data PLP, to the reception replacer(770050). The common PLP decoder (770030) decodes the inputted commonPLP, so as to extract the IP-PLP mapping information, compressioninformation, and so on, which are included in the common stream of thecommon PLP, and then to output the extracted information to thecontroller (770040). Additionally, the common PLP decoder (770030)extracts the IR packet header information and IR-DYN packet headerinformation of the data PLP, which is requested to be selected, from thecommon stream and outputs the extracted information to the receptionreplacer (770050).

The controller (770040) controls the NGH reception unit (770010) so thatthe data PLP, which is requested to be selected, can be selected withreference to the IP-PLP mapping information, and so on.

Among the SO packets being outputted from the data PLP decoder (770020),the reception replacer (770050) extracts an SO packet having the same SNas the IR/IR-DYN packet being transmitted to the common PLP, and, then,the reception replacer (770050) replaces the header of the extracted SOpacket with the IR packet header or IR-DYN packet header of the commonPLP having the same SN, as shown in (b) of FIG. 50. Accordingly, asshown in (c) of FIG. 50, the IR packet header information and IR-DYNpacket header information, which are received in the common PLP, aremerged to the second IP stream, which is received in the second dataPLP. According to the embodiment of the present invention, if the headerinformation of the IR packet is signaled and transmitted, as shown inFIG. 44, the reception replacer (770050) performs the function of themerger (or merging unit) (720200) shown in FIG. 44. The second IPstream, i.e., the RoHC stream including IR packets, IR-DYN packets, FOpackets, and SO packets, is decoded by the RoHC decoder (770060) usingthe RoHC decoding method, thereby being recovered to the second IPstream prior to being compressed.

FIG. 52 illustrates a flow chart showing a method for compressing andtransmitting a data packet header based upon the broadcast signaltransmitting apparatus (760000) of FIG. 51 according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention. First of all, each header of thedata packets included in each IP stream and each header of the datapackets being included in the common stream, which includes L2 signalinginformation, are compressed by the RoHC encoder (760020) using the RoHCmethod, thereby being outputted as an RoHC stream (S780010). Thetransmission replacer (760030) filters the RoHC packets being includedin each of the RoHC streams, which are compressed by the RoHC encoder(760020) using the RoHC method. The RoHC packets signify the IR packets,the IR-DYN packets, the SO packets, and the FO packets. At this point,the FO/SO packets are directly outputted from the transmission replacer(760030) to the NGH transmission unit (760050). Thereafter, among theRoHC packets, the transmission replacer (760030) extracts an SN from anIR packet header and, then, generates an SO packet header having thesame SN as the extracted SN (S780030). This is equally applied to theIR-DYN packet. Subsequently, after replacing the header of the IR packetand the header of the IR-DYN packet with the header of the respective SOpacket having the same sequence number, the replaced SO packets areoutputted to the NGH transmission unit (760050). The NGH transmissionunit (760050) performs encoding for error correction on each RoHC streambeing configured of FO packets and SO packets (S780040).

Additionally, the transmission replacer (760030) outputs the initial (ororiginal) IR packet header information and the initial (or original)IR-DYN packet header information to the common stream multiplexer(760040). The common stream multiplexer (760040) adds a null payload tothe IR packet header information being outputted from the transmissionreplacer (760030), so as to configure an IR packet, and adds a nullpayload to the IR-DYN packet header information being outputted from thetransmission replacer (760030), so as to configure an IR-DYN packet,and, then, the common stream multiplexer (760040) multiplexes theconfigured packets to a common stream, which includes L2 signalinginformation being compressed by using the RoHC method, therebyoutputting the processed data to the NGH transmission unit (760050)through the common PLP (S780050). The NGH transmission unit (760050)performs encoding for error correction on the common stream includingthe L2 signaling information, the IR packet header information, and theIR-DYN packet header information (S780060). Furthermore, aftergenerating a signal frame (e.g., NGH frame) from each RoHC stream andcommon stream being encoded for error correction, and after performingOFDM modulation on the generated signal frame, the NGH transmission unit(760050) transmits a broadcast signal including the OFDM-modulatedsignal frame through an OFDM carrier.

FIG. 53 illustrates a flow chart showing a method of performingdecompression on a data packet based upon the broadcast signal receivingapparatus of FIG. 51 according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

More specifically, the NGH reception unit (770010) receives a broadcastsignal including a signal frame frame (e.g., NGH frame) and thenperforms OFDM modulation, signal frame parsing, and FEC decoding on thereceived signal, thereby dividing the processed signal into a data PLP,a common PLP, and so on (S790010). At this point, when multiple dataPLPs exists, at least one data PLP is selected, based upon the controlof the controller (770040), and then outputted to the data PLP decoder(770020). Additionally, the common PLP is outputted to the common PLPdecoder (770030).

The common PLP decoder (770030) decodes the inputted common PLP, so asto extract IP-PLP mapping information, compression information, and soon from the L2 signaling information, which is included in a commonstream of the common PLP, thereby outputting the processed informationto the controller (770040) (S790020).

The controller (770040) controls the NGH reception unit (770010), sothat a specific data PLP matching with an IP address, which is requestedfrom a back-end, based upon the L2 signaling information including theIP-PLP mapping information (S790030).

The data PLP decoder (770020) performs decoding on the inputted data PLPand then outputs the FO/SO packets, which are included in the IP streamof the data PLP, to the reception replacer (770050) (S790040). Thecommon PLP decoder (770030) extracts IR packet header information andIR-DYN packet header information having the request IP address andoutputs the extracted information to the reception replacer (770050)(S790050).

The reception replacer (770050) compares the SN of the SO packets beingoutputted from the data PLP decoder (770020) with the SN of IR packetsor IR-DYN packets being outputted from the common PLP (S790060). If anSO packet and an IR packet or IR-DYN packet having the same SN aredetected (S790070), the headers of the two detected packets are replaced(S790080). This procedure is performed on all packets of a specific dataPLP, so as to replace the IR packet header and IR-DYN packet header,which are received in the common PLP with respective SO packet headersof a specific data PLP. Accordingly, the IR packet header informationand IR-DYN packet header information, which are received in the commonPLP, are merged to an IP stream, which is received in the specific dataPLP. More specifically, the IP stream is recovered to a RoHC stream,which is configured of IR packets consisting of initial (or original) IRpacket header and payload, IR-DYN packets consisting of initial (ororiginal) IR-DYN packet header and payload, SO packets, and FO packets.The RoHC stream is decoded by the RoHC decoder (770060) using the RoHCdecoding method, thereby being recovered to the second IP stream priorto being compressed (S790090).

FIG. 54 illustrates compression information being signaled to a binarytype service association section according to yet another embodiment ofthe present invention.

Herein, the difference between FIG. 44 and FIG. 54 is that, in FIG. 54,static information within the IR packet header is included in theservice association section, thereby being transmitted to the commonPLP. More specifically, in FIG. 54, the static information within the IRpacket header is transmitted by using a static_chain_byte( ) fieldwithin the service association section. Therefore, with the exceptionfor the static_chain_byte( ) field, reference may be made to FIG. 44 forthe detailed description of the remaining fields. Herein, thestatic_chain_byte( ) field is iterated (or repeated) as many times asthe value of a static_info_length field, so that, among the headerinformation of the IR packet, static information can be transmitted.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, in FIG. 54,dynamic information or IR-DYN packet header information within the IRpacket is signaled to an IR-DYN packet having a null payload, therebybeing transmitted to the common PLP. At this point, also, data includedin the IR packet payload or data included in the IR-DYN packet payloadare transmitted through the corresponding data PLP, and, herein, thecorresponding drawings and detailed description will be omitted forsimplicity.

In FIG. 54, a context_profile field and a context_id field within theIR-DYN packet have the same values as the context_profile field and thecontext_id field, which are signaled to the service association section.More specifically, the context profile information and the contextidentifier correspond to mapping (i.e., link) information connecting (orlinking) the service association section and the IR-DYN packet.Therefore, the receiver uses the context profile information and contextidentifier, so as to be capable of acquiring compression information ofa specific IP stream and static information within the IR packet headerfrom the service association section and capable of acquiring dynamicinformation within the IR packet header and IR-DYN packet headerinformation from the IR-DYN packet. The present invention may use onlythe context identifier, so as to connect (or link) the serviceassociation section and the IR-DYN packet.

In the IR-DYN packet of FIG. 54, a dynamic_chain_byte( ) field isiterated (or repeated) as many times as the value of adynamic_info_length field, so as to transmit dynamic information amongthe IR packet header information, or to transmit IR-DYN packet headerinformation.

Among the IR packet header information, the merger (720400) of FIG. 54extracts static information from the service association section of thecommon PLP, and the merger (720400) then extracts header informationfrom an IR-DYN packet of a common PLP having the same context profileinformation and context identifier values as those belonging to theservice association section, so as to configure IR packet headerinformation by using both header information. Thereafter, the merger(720400) merges the header information of the IR packet to thecorresponding data PLP based upon the SN, which is included in the IRpacket header information. Herein, the component PLP is selected basedupon the IP-PLP mapping information. The merger (720400) includes aprocess of replacing the IR packet header with an SO packet headerwithin the data PLP based upon the SN. The merger (720400) may either beincluded in the header decompressing unit of the broadcast signalreceiving apparatus or may be configured separately.

(a) to (c) of FIG. 55 illustrate examples of transmitting the headerinformation of the IR packet and the header information of the IR-DYNpacket, which occupy a large number of bytes in the IP headercompression, as shown in FIG. 54, to a common PLP. More specifically,the drawings show an example of transmitting the initial (or original)IR packet header information and IR-DYN packet header information, whichwere respectively included in the IR packet and the IR-DYN packet, to astream after replacing the IR packet header and IR-DYN packet headerwith the header of the SO packet in the IR packet and the IR-DYN packet.Most particularly, among the header information of the IR packet, thestatic information is signaled to the service association section, whichis included in the L2 signaling information, thereby being transmittedto the common PLP.

With the exception for the static information within the IR packetheader being included in the service association section and thentransmitted, (a) to (c) of FIG. 55 are identical to (a) to (c) of FIG.48. Therefore, reference may be made to (a) to (c) of FIG. 48 for thedescription of the parts that are not described in (a) to (c) of FIG.55.

More specifically, as shown in (b) of FIG. 55, the header of the IRpacket, which is included in each IP stream, is replaced with a headerof an SO packet having the same sequence number as the sequence numberincluded in the IR packet header, and the header of the IR-DYN packet isreplaced with a header of an SO packet having the same sequence numberas the sequence number included in the IR-DYN packet header. In otherwords, the IR packet and IR-DYN packet included in each IP stream areconverted to SO packets. At this point, the data, which are included inthe payload of the IR packet and the IR-DYN packet, are not changed.

Moreover, as shown in (c) of FIG. 55, among the header information ofthe IR packet, static information is included in the service associationsection, and dynamic information corresponds to header information of anIR-DYN packet having a null payload. Herein, the service associationsection and the IR-DYN packet having the null payload are both includedin the common stream and are transmitted through the common PLP. At thispoint, IP-PLP mapping information and compression information are alsotransmitted through the service association section. According to theembodiment of the present invention, the service association section isincluded in the L2 signaling information.

As described above, by including the static information included in theIR packet header to the service association section having IP-PLPmapping information signaled thereto, and by periodically transmittingthe static information, the static information may be searched and foundand reused only during initial scanning.

(a) to (c) of FIG. 56 show examples of a process of having the broadcastsignal receiving apparatus recover an IR packet and an IR-DYN packetfrom an data PLP and a common PLP based upon a sequence number. With theexception for acquiring static information from the service associationsection, which is received in the common PLP, and acquiring dynamicinformation from the header of the IR-DYN packet, thereby configuring anIR packet and replacing the configured IR packet with an SO packethaving the same sequence number of that being received in the data PLP,FIG. 56 is identical to (a) to (c) of FIG. 50. Therefore, reference maybe made to (a) to (c) of FIG. 50 for the parts of (a) to (c) of FIG. 56that have not been described in detail.

More specifically, as shown in (b) of FIG. 56, a header of an IR packet,which is to be merged to a specific data PLP (e.g., PLP2)), isconfigured of static information being included in the serviceassociation section and dynamic information being included in the IR-DYNpacket, based upon at least one of IP-PLP mapping information, contextprofile information, and context identifier, which are included in theservice association section.

Subsequently, after detecting an SO packet having the same sequencenumber as the sequence number, which is included in the IR packetheader, from the second data PLP (PLP2), the two headers with oneanother, the SO packet of the second data PLP is recovered to theinitial (or original) IR packet. The remaining IR packets or IR-DYNpackets are also recovered by using the same method. At this point, theselection of the second data PLP and the detection of IR-DYN packets ofthe second data PLP, which is received by the common PLP, are performedbased upon the IP-PLP mapping information, which is received by thecommon PLP. According to the embodiment of the present invention, theIP-PLP mapping information is signaled to a binary type serviceassociation section, thereby being received in the common PLP.

(c) of FIG. 56 shows an example of an IP stream of a second data PLPincluding IR packets and IR-DYN packets, which are recovered afterprocessing the above-described procedure. Additionally, an RoHC decodingprocess decompressing the RoHC packets, which include the recovered IRpackets and IR-DYN packets, is performed based upon the compressioninformation received in the common PLP.

When FIG. 54 to FIG. 56 are applied to the broadcast signal transmittingapparatus of FIG. 51, the common stream multiplexer (760040) may furtherinclude a static information splitter splitting (or separating) staticinformation and dynamic information from the initial (or original) IRpacket header. The static information splitter receives IR packet headerinformation from at least one RoHC encoder and splits (or divides) thereceived header information into static information and dynamicinformation. In this case, the common stream multiplexer (760040)includes the static information to the service association section andadds a null payload to the dynamic information, so as to configure theIR-DYN packet. Additionally, the common stream multiplexer (760040) addsa null payload to header information of the IR-DYN packet, which isoutputted from at least one RoHC encoder, thereby configuring the IR-DYNpacket. The L2 signaling information including the service associationsection, the IR-DYN packets, and other common data are multiplexed tothe common stream, thereby being outputted to the NGH transmission unit(760050) through the common PLP. Herein, the IR-DYN packet that is to betransmitted to the common PLP includes context profile information and acontext identifier, as shown in FIG. 54. The context profile informationand context identifier are used for linking IP-PLP mapping information,which is being transmitted to the service association section, and,therefore, the same context profile information and context identifierare included in the service association section along with thecorresponding IP-PLP mapping information, thereby being transmitted.

The NGH transmission unit (760050) performs FEC encoding for errorcorrection, signal frame generation, OFDM modulation, and so on, on thedata of each data PLP being configured of SO packets and FO packets,after having the header replacement process performed by thetransmission replacer (760030), and on the data of the common PLP beingoutputted from the common stream multiplexer (760040). The broadcastsignal including the OFDM-modulated signal frame (e.g., NGH frame) istransmitted to the broadcast signal receiving apparatus (770000).Herein, for the parts that are not described herein, reference may bemade to the description of the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus(760000) of FIG. 51.

When FIG. 54 to FIG. 56 are applied to the broadcast signal receivingapparatus of FIG. 51, the common PLP decoder (770030) decodes the commonPLP, which is being inputted from the NGH reception unit (770010), so asto extract IP-PLP mapping information, compression information, and soon, from the service association section, which is included in the L2signaling information of the common PLP, thereby outputting theextracted information to the controller (770040). Additionally, amongthe IR packet header information of the data PLP, which is requested tobe selected, the common PLP decoder (770030) extracts static informationfrom the service association section and extracts dynamic informationfrom the header of an IR-DYN packet, so as to configure headerinformation of the IR packet including the both information, therebyoutputting the configured header information to the reception replacer(770050). Moreover, header information of the IR-DYN packet of the dataPLP, which is requested to be selected, is also extracted from theIR-DYN packet, thereby being outputted to the reception replacer(770050).

Among the SO packets being outputted from the data PLP decoder (770020),the reception replacer (770050) extracts an SO packet having the same SNas the header information of an IR packet or header information of anIR-DYN packet being outputted from the common PLP decoder (770030) and,then, replaces the header of the extracted SO packet with the header ofthe IR packet or the header of the IR-DYN packet having the same SN asthe extracted SO packet. Accordingly, the header information of the IRpacket and the header information of the IR-DYN packet, which arereceived in the common PLP, are merged to the IP stream of the selecteddata PLP. According to the embodiment of the present invention, if theheader information of the IR packet is signaled and transmitted, asshown in FIG. 54, the reception replacer (770050) performs the functionof the merger (720400) shown in FIG. 54. The IP stream, i.e., the RoHCstream including the IR packets, the IR-DYN packets, the FO packets, andthe SO packets, is decoded by the RoHC decoder (770060) by using theRoHC method based upon the compression information, thereby beingrecovered as the IP stream prior to being compressed. For the parts thatare not described herein, reference may be made to the description ofthe broadcast signal receiving apparatus (760000) of FIG. 51.

FIG. 57 illustrates compression information being signaled to a binarytype service association section according to yet another embodiment ofthe present invention.

In case of FIG. 57, among the header information of the IR packet ofeach IP stream, the static information is transmitted through the commonPLP, and, among the header information of the IR packet, dynamicinformation is transmitted through the corresponding data PLP. Mostparticularly, according to the embodiment of the present invention, thestatic information is signaled to the service association sectionincluded in the L2 signaling information. At this point, according tothe embodiment of the present invention, the header information of theIR-DYN packet of each IP stream is transmitted through the correspondingdata PLP.

More specifically, in FIG. 57, a static_chain_byte( ) field within theservice association section transmits static information within the IRpacket header. At this point, a static_info_length field indicates thesize of static information within the IR packet header being transmittedthrough the static_chain_byte( ) field. The static information is notrequired to be included in each transmission frame. Instead, the staticinformation may be stored in the broadcast signal receiving apparatusduring an initial scan and may, then, be reused for recovering the IRpacket during each service access.

At this point, the dynamic information within the IR packet header istransmitted through the corresponding data PLP, and, therein, the RoHCpacket transmitting the dynamic information within the IR packet headerbecomes the IR-DYN packet. More specifically, when static information issplit (or separated) from the header of the IR packet, the IR packet isshifted (or converted) to the IR-DYN packet. When the IR packet isconverted (or shifted) to the IR-DYN packet, the information foridentifying the header of the IR packet is converted to information foridentifying the header of the IR-DYN packet. The IR-DYN packet uses thedynamic_chain_byte( ) field, which is iterated (or repeated) as manytimes as the value of the dynamic_info_length field, so as to transmitdynamic information with the header of the IR packet.

As described above, the static information within the header of the IRpacket is signaled to the L2 signaling information and then transmittedin order to reduce overhead of the data PLP, and the dynamic informationwithin the IR packet header or header information of the IR-DYN packetis signaled to each IR-DYN packet, thereby being transmitted to thecorresponding data PLP. In this case, the broadcast signal receivingapparatus adds static information, which is received by being includedin the L2 signaling information, to a first IR-DYN packet, which isreceived by being included in the corresponding data PLP, so as toconvert the IR-DYN packet to the IR packet, thereby using thecorresponding information has the first IR packet header that can beRoHC decoded.

In FIG. 57, a context_profile field and a context_id field within theIR-DYN packet have the same values as the context_profile field and thecontext_id field, which are signaled to the service association section.More specifically, the context profile information and the contextidentifier correspond to mapping (i.e., link) information connecting (orlinking) the service association section and the IR-DYN packet.Therefore, the receiver uses the context profile information and contextidentifier, so as to be capable of acquiring compression information ofa specific IP stream and static information within the IR packet headerfrom the service association section, which is included in the L2signaling information of the common PLP, and capable of acquiringdynamic information within the IR packet header and IR-DYN packet headerinformation of the corresponding data PLP from the IR-DYN packet. Thepresent invention may use only the context identifier, so as to connect(or link) the service association section and the IR-DYN packet.

The merger (720500) of FIG. 57 extracts static information of the headerinformation belonging an packet of the selected data PLP from theservice association section of the common PLP, and the merger (720500)then extracts header information belonging to a first IR-DYN packet ofthe corresponding data PLP having the same context profile informationand context identifier values as those belonging to the serviceassociation section, so as to configure IR packet header information byusing both header information. Herein, the data PLP is selected basedupon the IP-PLP mapping information. The merger (720500) may either beincluded in the header decompressing unit of the broadcast signalreceiving apparatus or may be configured separately.

(a) to (c) of FIG. 58 illustrate examples of transmitting staticinformation, among the header information of the IR packet, whichoccupies a large number of bytes in the IP header compression, as shownin FIG. 57, to a common PLP.

(a) of FIG. 58 shows an example of compressing each of 3 IP streams (IPstream 1, IP stream 2, IP stream 3) by using the RoHC compressionmethod. In this case, each of the 3 IP streams has a different contextidentifier. In the 3 IP streams (IP stream 1, IP stream 2, IP stream 3),the numbers 1˜0 correspond to the payload sections (or portions) towhich actual data are transmitted.

(b) of FIG. 58 shows an example of splitting (or separating) staticinformation from IR packets of the first to third IP streams (IP stream1, IP stream 2, IP stream 3) and changing (or shifting) the remainingportion to IR-DYN packets. More specifically, the IR packet of each IPstream is replaced with an IR-DYB packet. Additionally, the split (orseparated) static portion is signaled to a service association sectionof a common stream as shown in (c) of FIG. 58.

As described above, by including the static information included in theIR packet header to the service association section having IP-PLPmapping information signaled thereto, and by periodically transmittingthe static information, the static information may be searched and foundand reused only during initial scanning.

(a), (b) of FIG. 59 show examples of the IR packet and the IR-DYN packetbeing inter-changed (or inter-shifted) in the broadcasttransmitting/receiving apparatus.

(a) of FIG. 59 shows an example of converting the IR packet to an IR-DYNpacket in the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus. Morespecifically, the static portion is split (or separated) from the headerinformation of the IR packet, so as to be signaled to the L2 signalinginformation and then transmitted through a common PLP, and the remainingportion is converted (or shifted) to an IR-DYN packet, thereby beingtransmitted through a data PLP.

As shown in the left drawing in (a) of FIG. 59, the header of the IRpacket includes information (Add-CID) notifying that a contextidentifier is being added, information identifying the header as the IRpacket header (also referred to as header identification information),context identifier, context profile information, CRC, static information(or static chain information), and dynamic information (or dynamic chaininformation). According to the embodiment of the present invention, theinformation for identifying the header as the IR packet headercorresponds to 1111110D.

At this point, when the static information is separated (or split) fromthe IR packet, and when the information for identifying the IR packetheader is converted to information for identifying the IR-DYN packetheader, the IR packet is converted to the IR-DYN packet, as shown in theright drawing in (a) of FIG. 59. According to the embodiment of thepresent invention, the information for identifying the header as theIR-DYN packet header corresponds to 11111000. More specifically, withthe exception for octet 1 byte header identification information and thestatic information, the IR packet header has the same information as theIR-DYN packet header. Therefore, by signaling only the staticinformation to the L2 signaling information and transmitting the staticinformation to the common PLP, thereby converting (or shifting orchanging) the header identification information, the inter-change (orinter-shifting) between the IE packet and the IR-DYN packet may be morefacilitated.

(b) of FIG. 59 shows an example of converting the IR-DYN packet to theIR packet, by having the broadcast signal receiving apparatus add staticinformation of the IR packet to the IR-DYN packet and change the headeridentification information.

More specifically, as shown in the left drawing in (b) of FIG. 59, whenstatic information of the IR packet, which is extracted from the L2signaling information, is added to the IR-DYN packet, and when theinformation for identifying the IR-DYN packet header is changed (orshifted) to information for identifying the IR packet header, the IR-DYNpacket is converted to the IR packet, as shown in the right drawing in(b) of FIG. 59. Herein, the IR-DYN packet is received through the dataPLP, and the L2 signaling information is received through the commonPLP.

(a) to (c) of FIG. 60 illustrate an example of merging staticinformation included in the IR packet, which is received in the commonPLP, with the corresponding data PLP.

(a) of FIG. 60 shows an example of IR-DYN packets, SO packets, and FOpackets being received through data PLPs (PLP1, PLP2, PLP3), and, amongthe header information of the IR packet, static information beingreceived through the common PLP. At this point, the numbers 1˜0 in the 3data PLPs correspond to payload sections (or portions) to which data areactually transmitted.

(b) of FIG. 60 shows an example of selecting a data PLP including the IPstream that is to be received, based upon the IP-PLP mappinginformation, and extracting the static information included in the IRpacket header of the selected data PLP from the common PLP. For example,(b) of FIG. 60 shows an example of selecting the second data PLP (PLP2),among the first to third data PLPs (PLP1, PLP2, PLP3) shown in (a) ofFIG. 60, and detecting static information included in the IR packetheader of the selected second data PLP (PLP2) from the common PLP.According to the embodiment of the present invention, the IP-PLP mappinginformation is signaled to a binary type service association section,thereby being received through the common PLP.

(c) of FIG. 60 shows an example of adding the static information, whichis extracted from the common PLP, to the first IR-DYN packet of thesecond data PLP (PLP2), so as to configure an IR packet, and an exampleof an IP stream of the second data PLP including the IR packet. The IPstream corresponds to a RoHC stream, which is compressed by using theRoHC method, and RoHC decoding is performed on the RoHC packets includedin the RoHC stream, based upon the compression information, which isreceived through the common PLP.

FIG. 61 illustrates a block view showing the structure of a broadcastsignal transmitting apparatus and a broadcast signal receiving apparatusaccording to yet another embodiment of the present invention. Thebroadcast signal transmitting apparatus and the broadcast signalreceiving apparatus of FIG. 61 are configured to compress and transmitIP streams and to receive and decompress the compressed IP streams, asshown in FIG. 57 to FIG. 60.

In FIG. 61, the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus (810000)includes an L2 signaling generator (810010) including static informationincluded in the IR packet header to the L2 signaling information, a RoHCencoding unit (810020) receiving each IP stream and performingRoHC-encoding on the received IP streams, a transmission replacing unit(810030) splitting (or separating) the static information included ineach IR packet header, which is outputted from each RoHC encoder of theRoHC encoding unit (810020), and outputting the split static informationto the L2 signaling generator (810010) and converting the remainingportion to IR-DYN packet, a common stream multiplexer (810040) includingthe L2 signaling information to the common stream, and an NGHtransmission unit (810050) receiving the output of each transmissionreplacer if the transmission replacing unit (810030) and receiving theoutput of the common stream multiplexer (810040), so as to perform FECencoding for error correction, signal frame generation, OFDM modulation,and so on. Herein, the L2 signaling information includes a serviceassociation section, and the service association section includes IP-PLPmapping information, compression information, and static informationincluded in each IR packet header. Additionally, in the broadcast signaltransmitting apparatus (810000), the RoHC encoder provided at anoutputting end of the L2 signaling generator (810010) is optional.

If the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus (810000) is applied toFIG. 6, the L2 signaling generator (810010), the RoHC encoding unit(810020), and the transmission replacing unit (810030) correspond topart of the input pre-processor (100000). And, the NGH transmission unit(810050) includes the input processor (100100), the BICM encoder(100200), the frame builder (100300), and the OFDM generator (100400).In case the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus of FIG. 46 is used,the transmission replacing unit may be included in the headercompressing unit or may be provided at the outputting end of the headercompressing unit. Moreover, the broadcast signal transmitting apparatusof FIG. 46 may be further equipped with a common stream multiplexer,and, among the already-existing blocks, at least one block may be usedto perform the functions of a common stream multiplexer.

For example, in FIG. 58, data packets included in the first to third IPstreams (IP stream 1, IP stream 2, IP stream 3) are inputted to the RoHCencoding unit (810020) of FIG. 61, thereby compressing each header byusing the RoHC method, as shown in (a) of FIG. 58. At this point, eachof the compressed IP stream may also be referred to as an RoHC stream,and each RoHC stream is configured of RoHC packets. In the descriptionof the present invention, the IR packets, IR-DYN packets, SO packets,and FO packets will each be referred to as an RoHC packet. Each IPstream having its packet header compressed by each RoHC encoder of theRoHC encoding unit (810020) is outputted to the transmission replacingunit (810030).

The transmission replacing unit (810030) differentiates the IR packetfrom the RoHC packets of the corresponding IP stream, and splits (orseparates) the static information included in the differentiated IRpacket and outputs the split static information to the L2 signalinggenerator (810010), and the remaining portion is converted to an IR-DYNpacket, which is then outputted to the NGH transmission unit (810050).Additionally, each transmission replacer of the transmission replacingunit (810030) directly outputs the FO packets, SO packets, and IR-DYNpackets, among the RoHC packets of the corresponding IP stream, to theNGH transmission unit (810050).

The L2 signaling generator (810010) generates L2 signaling information,which includes reception information, such as IP-PLP mappinginformation, system parameter, frequency, and so on, and then includesstatic information, which is split and outputted from each transmissionreplacer of the transmission replacing unit (810030), to the L2signaling information, and outputs the processed L2 signalinginformation to the corresponding RoHC encoder in an IP packet format.The RoHC encoder compresses each header of the IP packets including theL2 signaling information by using the RoHC method and outputs thecompressed headers to the common stream multiplexer (810040). Herein,the RoHC compression of the IP packet header including the L2 signalinginformation may be omitted.

The common stream multiplexer (810040) includes the IP packet, which iscompressed by using the RoHC method, in the common stream, and outputsthe processed stream to the NGH transmission unit (810050) through thecommon PLP.

The NGH transmission unit (810050) performs FEC encoding for errorcorrection, signal frame generation, OFDM modulation, and so on, on theoutput of each transmission replacer of the transmission replacing unit(810030) and on the output of the common stream multiplexer (810040). Abroadcast signal including the OFDM-modulated signal frame istransmitted to the broadcast signal receiving apparatus (820000).

The broadcast signal receiving apparatus (820000) includes an NGHreception unit (820010) receiving a broadcast signal being transmittedfrom the NGH transmission unit (810050) of the broadcast signaltransmitting apparatus (810000) and performing OFDM demodulation, signalframe parsing, FEC decoding on the received signal, thereby dividing theprocessed signal into a data PLP, a common PLP, and so on, a data PLPdecoder (820020) decoding the data PLP, which is outputted from the NGHreception unit (820010), a common PLP decoder (820030) decoding thecommon PLP, which is outputted from the NGH reception unit (820010), acontroller (820040) extracting IP-PLP mapping information, compressioninformation, and so on, from a common stream of the decoded common PLP,so as to control PLP selection, a reception replacer (820050) addingstatic information, which is received through the common PLP, to theIR-DYN packet, which is received through the data PLP, so as toconfigure an IR packet, and an RoHC decoder (820060) performing RoHCdecoding on the RoHC packets including the IR packets, IR-DYN packets,and FO/SO packets, which are outputted from the reception replacer(820050).

If the broadcast signal receiving apparatus of FIG. 61 is applied toFIG. 19, the NGH reception unit (820010) includes the OFDM demodulator(138100), the frame demapper (138200), and the BICM decoder (138300).And, the data PLP decoder (820020), common PLP decoder (820030),controller (820040), reception replacer (820050), and the RoHC decoder(820060) correspond to part of the output processor (138400). If thebroadcast signal receiving apparatus of FIG. 47 is used, the receptionreplacer may be included in a header decompressing unit or may beequipped at an inputting end of the header decompressing unit.

The NGH reception unit (820010) of FIG. 61 receives the broadcast signalbeing transmitted from the NGH transmission unit (810050) of thebroadcast signal transmitting apparatus (810000) and performs OFDMdemodulation, signal frame parsing, and FEC decoding on the receivedbroadcast signal, thereby dividing the processed signal into data PLP,common PLP, and so on. At this point, when multiple data PLPs exist, atleast one data PLP is selected in accordance with the control of thecontroller (820040) and then transmitted to the data PLP decoder(820020). For example, as shown in (a) of FIG. 60, first to third IPstreams (IP stream 1, IP stream 2, IP stream 3) are compressed andreceived, and, among the received IP streams, when the second IP stream(IP stream 2) is selected, the second data PLP (PLP2) including thecompressed second IP stream (IP stream 2) is selected and then outputtedto the data PLP decoder (820020). Additionally, the common PLP isoutputted to the common PLP decoder (820030).

The data PLP decoder (820020) performs decoding on the inputted seconddata PLP (PLP2), so as to output the FO/SO packets, which are includedin the IP stream of the second data PLP, to the reception replacer(820050). The common PLP decoder (820030) decodes the inputted commonPLP, so as to extract the IP-PLP mapping information, compressioninformation, and so on, which are included in the common stream of thecommon PLP, and then to output the extracted information to thecontroller (820040). Additionally, the common PLP decoder (820030)extracts the static information, which is split (or separated) from theIR packet of the second data PLP (PLP2) that is requested to beselected, from the common stream and then outputted to the receptionreplacer (820050).

The controller (820040) controls the NGH reception unit (820010) so thatthe data PLP, which is requested to be selected, can be selected withreference to the IP-PLP mapping information, and so on.

As shown in (c) of FIG. 60, the reception replacer (820050) adds staticinformation, which is being outputted from the common PLP decoder(820030), to the first IR-DYN packet, which is included in the IP streamof the second data PLP being decoded by the data PLP decoder (820020),so as to configure the IR packet and then to merge the configured IRpacket to the IP stream of the second data PLP (PLP2). The IP stream,i.e., the RoHC stream including IR packets, IR-DYN packets, FO packets,and SO packets, is decoded by the RoHC decoder (820060) using the RoHCdecoding method, thereby being recovered to the second IP stream priorto being compressed.

FIG. 62 illustrates a flow chart showing a method for compressing andtransmitting a data packet header based upon the broadcast signaltransmitting apparatus (810000) of FIG. 61 according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention. First of all, each header of thedata packets included in each IP stream and each header of the datapackets being included in the common stream, which includes L2 signalinginformation, are compressed by each RoHC encoder of the RoHC encodingunit (810020) using the RoHC method, thereby being outputted as an RoHCstream (S830010). Each transmission replacer of the transmissionreplacing unit (810030) filters the RoHC packets being included in eachof the RoHC streams. The RoHC packets signify the IR packets, the IR-DYNpackets, the SO packets, and the FO packets. At this point, eachtransmission replacer directly outputs the IR-DYN packets and the FO/SOpacket to the NGH transmission unit (810050). Thereafter, among the RoHCpackets, the static information included in the header of the IR packetis separated and outputted to the L2 signaling generator (810010), and,then, the remaining portion of the header of the IR packet having thestatic information removed therefrom is converted to the IR-DYN packetheader and then outputted to the NGH transmission unit (810050)(S830030).

At this point, the L1 signaling generator (810010) includes the staticinformation belonging to the header of the IR packet to the L2 signalinginformation, which includes the compression information, and thenoutputs the processed information to the corresponding RoHC encoder inan IP packet format (S830040). According to the embodiment of thepresent invention, the IP-PLP mapping information, compressioninformation, and static information are signaled to the serviceassociation section of the L2 signaling information.

The common stream multiplexer (810040) multiplexes the L2 signalinginformation and other common data to the common stream and thentransmits the multiplexed data to the NGH transmission unit (810050)through the common PLP (S830050).

The NGH transmission unit (810050) performs encoding for errorcorrection on a common PLP including a common stream, which is beingoutputted from the common stream multiplexer (810040) and on each dataPLP including each RoHC stream, which is respectively outputted fromeach transmission replacer of the transmission replacing unit, therebygenerating a signal frame (e.g., NGH frame). Thereafter, afterperforming OFDM modulation on the signal frame, a broadcast signalincluding the OFDM-modulated signal frame is transmitted through an OFDMcarrier (S830060).

FIG. 63 illustrates a flow chart showing a method of performingdecompression on a data packet based upon the broadcast signal receivingapparatus (820000) of FIG. 61 according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

More specifically, the NGH reception unit (820010) receives a broadcastsignal including a signal frame (e.g., NGH frame) and then performs OFDMmodulation, signal frame parsing, and FEC decoding on the receivedsignal, thereby dividing the processed signal into a data PLP, a commonPLP, and so on (S840010). At this point, when multiple data PLPs exists,at least one data PLP is selected, based upon the control of thecontroller (820040), and then outputted to the data PLP decoder(820020). Additionally, the common PLP is outputted to the common PLPdecoder (820030). The common PLP is searched and found from the L1signaling information.

If the packets being transmitted to the common PLP have been compressedby using the RoHC method, a startup context id of the RoHC streamindicating an L2 signaling stream is selected, so as to be RoHC decoded,thereby being outputted through the common PLP (S840020). For example, astream having the context identifier value of 0 may be designated as astartup stream. Generally, the startup context profile follows a nocompression profile. If the RoHC encoding process on an IP packetincluding L2 signaling information is omitted from the broadcast signaltransmitting apparatus, step S840020 is also omitted.

The common PLP decoder (820030) decodes the inputted common PLP, so asto extract IP-PLP mapping information, compression information, and soon, from an service association section included in the L2 signalinginformation, thereby outputting the processed information to thecontroller (820040) (S840030). The compression information is alsooutputted to the ROHC decoder (820060).

The controller (820040) controls the NGH reception unit (820010), sothat a specific data PLP matching with an IP address, which is requestedfrom a back-end, based upon the L2 signaling information including theIP-PLP mapping information (S840040).

The data PLP decoder (820020) performs decoding on the data PLP beingselected and outputted from the NGH reception unit (820010) and thenoutputs RoHC packets, which are included in the IP stream of the dataPLP, to the reception replacer (820050) (S840050). Additionally, thecommon PLP decoder (820030) extracts static information of an IR packetheader of the selected data PLP from the service association section,which is included in the L2 signaling information, and outputs theextracted static information to the reception replacer (820050)(S840060).

The reception replacer (820050) adds the extracted static information tothe header of a first IR-DYN packet, among the RoHC packets included inthe IP stream of the data PLP, which is decoded by the data PLP decoder(820020), so as to convert the processed packet to an IR packet, therebyoutputting the converted IR packet to the RoHC decoder (820060).Additionally, among the RoHC packet included in the data PLP, which isdecoded by the data PLP decoder (820020), with the exception for thefirst IR-DYN packet, the remaining packets are directly outputted to theRoHC decoder (820060) (S840080).

The RoHC decoder (820060) decodes the RoHC stream, which includes IRpackets, IR-DYN packets, and FO/SO packets, by using the RoHC method,thereby recovering the stream to the IP stream prior to being compressed(S840090). Thereafter, the RoHC decoder (820060) transmits the recoveredIP stream to a back-end, thereby initiating service.

FIG. 64 illustrates a syntax structure of a service association sectionbeing included in the L2 signaling information and received in a binaryformat according to a detailed embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 64, according to the embodiment of the present invention, asection_length field is assigned with bits and indicates the length ofthe remaining section after (or following) the corresponding field.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, anumber_of_services field is assigned with 8 bits and indicates a numberof services included in the transmitted signal frame.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, anumber_of_components field is assigned with 8 bits and indicates thenumber of components included in the corresponding service.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, a URL_length fieldis assigned with 8 bits and indicates the length of a URL or IPaddress/port number indicating each component.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, a URL_byte or IPaddress+port number field is assigned with 8 bits and indicates a URL orIP address/port number indicating each component.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, a context_id fieldis assigned with 8 bits and, when the header of a data packet includingthe corresponding component is compressed, indicates a contextidentifier identifying an IP stream including the compressed datapacket.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, a context_profilefield is assigned with bits and indicates a method according to whichthe corresponding component has been compressed. More specifically, thisfield indicates up to which protocol (or up to which layer) thecorresponding component has been compressed at the time of compressingthe header of the data packet. According to the present invention, whenthe contect_profile field value is equal to 0, this may indicate thatthe data packet including the component has a RoHC compression format,yet this may also indicate that compression has not been performed onthe actual header information. Moreover, according to the embodiment ofthe present invention, when the context_profile field value is equal to1, this may indicate that compression has been performed up to the RTP,when the value is equal to 2, up to the UDP, when the value is equal to3, up to the ESP, and when the value is equal to 4 up to the IP, byusing the RoHC method.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, astatic_info_length field is assigned with 8 bits and indicates the sizeof static information being transmitted to a static_chain_byte( ) fieldthat follows.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, astatic_chain_byte( ) field is assigned with 8 bits and transmits staticinformation, which corresponds to non-changing information within theheader of the IR packet.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, a PLP_id field isassigned with 8 bits and indicates an identifier of the PLP to which thecorresponding component is transmitted.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, an LLP_id field isassigned with 8 bits and indicates an LLP identifier for notifyingbuffering information when transmitting a corresponding service.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, a CRC_byte fieldis assigned with 32 bits and transmits a CRC byte for certifying (orverifying) the presence or absence of any data damage within the entiresection.

The description of the present invention will not be limited only to theabove-described exemplary embodiments of the present invention. And, asit is shown in the appended claims of the present invention, it will beapparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications andvariations can be made in the present invention, and that suchmodifications and variations cover the scope of the present invention.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PRESENT INVENTION

As described above, the present invention is described with respect tothe best mode for carrying out the present invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

As described above, the present invention may be fully (or entirely) orpartially applied to digital broadcasting systems.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of processing broadcast data in atransmitter, the method comprising: input processing at least one inputstream to output one or multiple Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs) by an inputprocessor, wherein each data packet of the at least one input stream hasa header and a payload and the header is compressed; Forward ErrorCorrection (FEC) encoding PLP data of the one or multiple PLPs for eachPLP by an encoder; bit interleaving the FEC-encoded PLP data by a bitinterleaver; time interleaving the bit-interleaved PLP data by a timeinterleaver; building a signal frame including the time-interleaved PLPdata by a frame builder; inserting pilot data into the built signalframe by an inserter; and modulating the signal frame having the pilotdata by a modulator, wherein the signal frame further includes signalingdata, and wherein the signaling data include type information forindicating a type of the input stream.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinwhen the type information indicates that the input stream is an IPstream, the each data packet is equal to an Internet Protocol (IP)packet.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: frequencyinterleaving the time-interleaved PLP data.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the signal frame further includes pilot data information relatedto pilot pattern information of the pilot data.
 5. A transmitter forprocessing broadcast data, the transmitter comprising: an inputprocessor to process at least one input stream to output one or multiplePhysical Layer Pipes (PLPs), wherein each data packet of the at leastone input stream has a header and a payload and the header iscompressed; an encoder to Forward Error Correction (FEC) encode PLP dataof the one or multiple PLPs for each PLP; a bit interleaver to bitinterleave the FEC-encoded PLP data; a time interleaver to timeinterleave the bit-interleaved PLP data; a frame builder to build asignal frame including the time-interleaved PLP data; an inserter toinsert pilot data into the built signal frame; and a modulator tomodulate the signal frame having the pilot data, wherein the signalframe further includes signaling data, and wherein the signaling datainclude type information for indicating a type of the input stream. 6.The transmitter of claim 5, when the type information indicates that theinput stream is an IP stream, the each data packet is equal to anInternet Protocol (IP) packet.
 7. The transmitter of claim 5, furthercomprising: a frequency interleaver to frequency interleave thetime-interleaved PLP data.
 8. The transmitter of claim 5, wherein thesignal frame further includes pilot data information related to pilotpattern information of the pilot data.